The Effects of Tensile Properties of PLA/HNTs-ZrO₂Bionanocomposites

Recent advancement in polymer/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites for biomedical applications

“…135 Meanwhile, some researchers reported a slight shift of T g of polymer/HNT nanocomposites to a lower temperature. 116,118,137 As discovered by Risyon et al, the T g of PLA gradually reduced from 58.49 to 57.42 C with an increasing amount of HNT from 0 to 6 wt%. 138 A reduction of the T g value shows that the addition of HNT has disrupted the polymer molecular chain's entanglement and interaction, enabling the polymer/HNT nanocomposites to change from glassy to rubbery at a lower temperature.…”

“…HNT's achievement as a filler reinforcement to polymers has been documented in numerous research papers, as it improved tensile strength, elongation, and Young's neat polymers module. 110,[113][114][115] According to Alakrach et al, 116 the tensile strength increases to more than 25 MPa when only 2 wt% HNT is added to neat PLA. This result is consistent with the findings of Tham et al 117 and Dong et al 118 Therias et al, 119 on the other hand, reported that adding HNT to PLA does not affect its tensile strength.…”

“…However, some researchers reported a reduction in polymers' mechanical properties by incorporating HNT. 110,116,121,127 The decrease in mechanical properties maybe because the matrix and the filler are not well entangled, as Narimissa et al 128 reported. One reason behind this problem was the agglomeration of the fillers.…”

“…138 A reduction of the T g value shows that the addition of HNT has disrupted the polymer molecular chain's entanglement and interaction, enabling the polymer/HNT nanocomposites to change from glassy to rubbery at a lower temperature. 116,118,130,138 Moreover, lower T g improved the polymer's flexibility due to the nanotubes' bridging effect. 136 The crystallization behavior of polymer nanocomposites is influenced by HNT.…”

“…136 The crystallization behavior of polymer nanocomposites is influenced by HNT. 116,118,137,[139][140][141][142] agent helps reorganize the crystalline structure of PLA from less perfect to a higher ordered crystal which requires a higher heat to break the crystal structure and melt, resulting in a shift T m to a higher value. 138 Few researchers also reported a decrease in T m value with incorporating HNT.…”