The Effects of the 2016 Copa América Centenario Victory on Social Trust, Self-Transcendent Aspirations and Evaluated Subjective Well-Being: The Role of Identity With the National Team and Collective Pride in Major Sport Events

Abstract

Following a neo-Durkheimian perspective, major sporting events such as the World Cup or the America’s Cup differ from other collective rituals because they promote interest throughout the nation due to their massiveness and international character. In order to increase the scientific knowledge related to these type of rituals, the aim of this study was to observe the effects that the Chilean victory in the 2016 Copa América Centenario had on social variables such as trust, self-transcendent aspirations, and evaluated subjective well-being (SWB) of both fans and non-fans. In addition, two longitudinal structural equation models (SEMs) were performed to estimate the effect of identity with the national team before the final match on evaluated SWB, trust, and self-transcendent aspirations post-final. A total of 648 Chilean participants (mean age = 38.58; SD = 10.96) answered the questionnaire before the final match. Out of these, 409 completed our measures after the final. The results show that fans presented higher scores in many of the studied variables before and after the final compared to non-fans. Identification with the national team (before the final) prospectively and significantly predicted pride in the national team and pride in the country (after the final). In addition, these two forms of collective pride mediated the relationship between identification with the national team (before the final) and evaluated SWB (after the final). The results are discussed emphasizing the importance of these kinds of specific massive rituals and their effects.

Linking Identity Leadership and Team Performance: The Role of Group-Based Pride and Leader Political Skill

“…Group-based pride reflects the positive evaluation of individuals to the status or achievement of their group. Existing studies have suggested that group-based pride originates from the consideration of the ingroup as moral (Leach et al, 2007), as having a legitimate advantage over outgroups (Harth et al, 2008), or as succeeding in a match (Bravo et al, 2020). As discussed earlier, we anticipate that when a team leader engages in identity leadership, team members will internalize their group membership and view their ingroup as a valued and positive social group, in turn, elicits group-based pride.…”

I Feel Different, but in Every Case I Feel Proud: Distinguishing Self-Pride, Group-Pride, and Vicarious-Pride

“…Most research on group-pride has presented group-pride as “a feeling of pride for group achievements,” without specifying whether the experience of pride is similar to the experience of self-pride. Few studies have mentioned that experiences of group-pride include feeling associated with or experiencing a sharedness with or intimacy with others ( Sullivan, 2013 ; Delvaux et al, 2016 ; Bravo et al, 2020 ). Therefore, the present research will examine whether group-pride can be distinguished from the other forms of pride on feelings of closeness.…”

“…All three experiments examined feelings of pride and feelings of being responsible for the achievement following these manipulations. Following the suggestions that all forms of pride would motivate people ( Williams and Davies, 2017 ), that especially self-pride would relate to increased status ( Griskevicius et al, 2010 ; Bollo et al, 2018 ; Septianto et al, 2018 ), and that especially other-oriented forms of pride would relate to increased closeness to others ( Delvaux et al, 2016 ; Williams and Davies, 2017 ; Bravo et al, 2020 ) and increased admiration for others ( Williams, 2018 ; Watkins and Bastian, 2019 ), Experiment 1 examined the motivation of people, their felt status, change in closeness to others, and admiration following the three forms of pride. Experiments 2 and 3 more closely examined the interplay of the self and others and the tendencies to inflate or deflate oneself or others following the different forms of pride and studied whether the experiences of people when it comes to self- and other-inflation, of distancing and approaching and of other-appreciation and -devaluation were affected differently by the different forms of pride.…”

“…They may for example feel proud of having achieved a goal ( Rinas et al, 2020 ), of having won a sports game ( Van Osch et al, 2016 ), or of having learned something new ( Bellocchi and Ritchie, 2015 ). Teachers may feel proud of their students having mastered a new subject ( Darby, 2008 ; Myall et al, 2008 ), parents may feel proud of their children have developed a new skill ( Nakamura, 2013 ; Pasupathi et al, 2020 ), employees may feel proud of their work team having reached a target ( Tyler and Blader, 2001 ), or fans may feel proud of their sports team has won a championship ( Bravo et al, 2020 ). In all of these cases, one or more people have achieved something positive or valued, and the ensuing positive feelings can be described as feelings of pride ( Salice and Montes Sanchez, 2016 ; Ritzenhofer et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Existing literature has provided different labels for such pride experiences. Whereas feeling proud of own achievements (“proud of me”) has been described as self-pride ( Delvaux et al, 2016 ; Septianto et al, 2018 ), individual pride ( Sullivan, 2017 ), independent pride ( Ahuvia et al, 2018 ), self-referential pride ( Ritzenhofer et al, 2019 ), or authentic pride ( Tracy and Robins, 2007a , b ), feeling proud of the achievements of the group an individual belongs to, or of a group one associate with (“proud of us”), has been studied as group-pride ( Zander and Armstron, 1972 ; Zander et al, 1972 ; Delvaux et al, 2016 ; Thomas et al, 2017 ), group-based pride ( Harth, 2008 ; Harth et al, 2013 ; Schori-Eyal et al, 2015 ; Sullivan, 2017 ), group-level pride ( Williams and Davies, 2017 ), interdependent pride ( Ahuvia et al, 2018 ), or collective pride (pride felt by a group of people, not an individual; Van Leeuwen et al, 2013 ; Sullivan, 2018 ; White and Branscombe, 2019 ; Bravo et al, 2020 ). In addition, instances in which people feel proud of the achievements of one or a few other people (“proud of you”) have been examined under the concepts of vicarious pride ( Williams and Davies, 2017 ; Septianto et al, 2018 ; Ritzenhofer et al, 2019 ; Yoon and Shanker Krishnan, 2019 ), parenting pride ( Pasupathi et al, 2020 ), family pride ( Sircar et al, 2021 ), or relational pride ( Liu et al, 2014 ; Sullivan, 2017 ).…”