The effects of the Ncw2 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the positioning of chitin in response to cell wall damage

Queiroz, Maíse Gomes; Elsztein, Carolina; Morais, Marcos Antônio de

doi:10.1007/s10482-019-01335-y

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These injuries can turn yeast cells to osmosensitivity, explaining why mutants of the HOG pathway are sensitive to low pHex [25,27]. The interplay between CWI and HOG in responding to CW damages have been described not only for acid stress [27], but also for the biocide polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) [44,45]. Ethanol, also reported to produce damages to CW by affecting its nanomechanical proprieties [46], triggers the HOG pathway that collaborates with PKC/Slt2p pathway for the expression of CWI genes in order to remodelling CW and repair the damages [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Low Cytosolic pH Is a Signal for Cell Survival in Acid Stressed Yeast

Lucena

Dolz‐Edo

Brul

et al. 2020

Genes

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Yeast biomass is recycled in the process of bioethanol production using treatment with dilute sulphuric acid to control the bacterial population. This treatment can lead to loss of cell viability, with consequences on the fermentation yield. Thus, the aim of this study was to define the functional cellular responses to inorganic acid stress. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with mutation in several signalling pathways, as well as cells expressing pH-sensitive GFP derivative ratiometric pHluorin, were tested for cell survival and cytosolic pH (pHc) variation during exposure to low external pH (pHex). Mutants in calcium signalling and proton extrusion were transiently sensitive to low pHex, while the CWI slt2Δ mutant lost viability. Rescue of this mutant was observed when cells were exposed to extreme low pHex or glucose starvation and was dependent on the induced reduction of pHc. Therefore, a lowered pHc leads to a complete growth arrest, which protects the cells from lethal stress and keeps cells alive. Cytosolic pH is thus a signal that directs the growth stress-tolerance trade-off in yeast. A regulatory model was proposed to explain this mechanism, indicating the impairment of glucan synthesis as the primary cause of low pHex sensitivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Low Cytosolic pH Is a Signal for Cell Survival in Acid Stressed Yeast

Lucena

Dolz‐Edo

Brul

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…Elsztein et al examined the cellular mechanisms responsible for low susceptibility in the PHMB resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain JP-1 [12], and provided biological evidence supporting the participation of the NCW2 gene encoding novel cell wall protein 2 in the mechanism responsible for cell tolerance to PHMB [13]. The NCW2 gene was found to be among the cell wall integrity genes of S. cerevisiae, and its protein had an auxiliary function in the maintenance of the glucan/chitin balance and ensuring the correct structure of the yeast cell wall [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…We predicted a total of 10 540 protein-coding genes. We found no gene homologous to the NCW2 gene that is responsible for cell tolerance to PHMB in yeasts after searching for genes previously reported to be involved in PHMB tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [13,14].…”

Section: Phmb Susceptibility Of P Lilacinum Strainsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Isolation and characterization of the polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride-resistant fungus, Purpureocillium lilacinum

Yamamoto

Takahashi

Alimu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB), an antimicrobial agent, has been widely used as a disinfectant in medical industries and public facilities. However, long-term use of any antimicrobial agent increases the risk of the microorganisms developing resistance. We aimed to examine the presence of microorganisms highly resistant to PHMB to address potential medical safety and public health concerns and devise strategies to prevent resistance development. We isolated and characterized a fungus from a 20% aqueous solution of PHMB and compared its microbiological characteristics and resistance profile with those of other major antimicrobial agents. Additionally, we sequenced the genome of the isolate to predict PHMB resistance-related genes. Based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA, the fungus was identified as Purpureocillium lilacinum. Although the P. lilacinum type and resistant strains showed similar morphology, the latter had extremely low PHMB susceptibility and was able to grow in the 20% aqueous solution of PHMB, which killed the type strain. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PHMB against the resistant strain was approximately four times higher than that against the type strain. In contrast, the MICs of four other antimicrobial agents and seven antifungal agents against the resistant strain were either less than or equal to those against the type strain. Furthermore, MICs of PHMB against four pathogenic filamentous fungi and two yeasts were significantly lower than those against the resistant strain. Despite its specific high resistance to PHMB, no gene homologous to fungal PHMB-resistant gene was found in the genome of the resistant strain. In summary, P. lilacinum was found to be significantly more resistant to PHMB than previously reported, suggesting an unidentified novel mechanism underlying drug resistance in the fungi.

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“…We predicted a total of 10,540 protein-coding genes. We found no gene homologous to NCW2 that is responsible for cell tolerance to PHMB in yeasts after searching for genes previously reported to be involved in PHMB tolerance in S. cerevisiae (Elsztein et al, 2016;Queiroz et al, 2020) .…”

Section: Genomic Features Of the Phmb-resistant Strainmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Elsztein et al (2011) examined the cellular mechanisms responsible for low susceptibility in the PHMB resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain JP-1, and provided biological evidence supporting the participation of NCW2, which encodes the novel cell wall protein 2, in cell tolerance to PHMB (Elsztein et al, 2016) . NCW2 was found to be among the cell wall integrity genes of S. cerevisiae, and had an auxiliary function in the maintenance of the glucan/chitin balance and cell wall structure (Queiroz et al, 2020) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of the Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride-Resistant Fungus, <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i>

et al. 2021

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We isolated a fungus from a 20% (= 200,000 µg/mL) aqueous solution of polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) , a widely used antimicrobial and examined its morphology and drug resistance profile. Based on the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA, the fungus was identified as Purpureocillium lilacinum. Although the P. lilacinum type and resistant strains showed similar morphology, the latter had extremely low PHMB susceptibility and was able to grow in 20% aqueous solution of PHMB, which eliminated the type strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PHMB for the resistant strain was significantly higher than that of the type strain and other pathogenic filamentous fungi and yeasts. The susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and antifungal agents other than PHMB was similar to that of the type strain, therefore the drug resistance of the isolate was specific to PHMB. Furthermore, we sequenced the genome of the isolate to predict PHMB resistance-related genes. Despite its high resistance to PHMB, no well-known genes homologous to fungal PHMB-resistant genes were detected in the genome of the resistant strain. In summary, P. lilacinum was found to be significantly more resistant to PHMB than previously reported, via an unidentified mechanism of drug resistance.

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The effects of the Ncw2 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the positioning of chitin in response to cell wall damage

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Extreme Low Cytosolic pH Is a Signal for Cell Survival in Acid Stressed Yeast

Extreme Low Cytosolic pH Is a Signal for Cell Survival in Acid Stressed Yeast

Isolation and characterization of the polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride-resistant fungus, Purpureocillium lilacinum

Isolation and Characterization of the Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride-Resistant Fungus, <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i>

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