The effects of thyroid hormones on circulating markers of cell-mediated immune response, as studied in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma before and during thyroxine withdrawal

Botella-Carretero, José I.; Prados, Aránzazu; Manzano, Luís; Montero, M. Teresa; Escribano, Luís; Sancho, José; Escobar-Morreale, Héctor F.

doi:10.1530/eje.1.01951

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The decrease in these inflammatory mediators associated with the reduction of circulating cytokine levels in GD patients who underwent MMI treatment might be related to both the immunomodulatory effects of MMI [20,33,34] and the achievement of euthyroidism as described in hyperthyroid patients due to toxic nodular goiter [3,[22][23][24]30] . An explanation for our findings may be that the control of hyperthyroidism per se results in a decrease in serum cytokine levels [36] . Actually, a chronic effect of excess thyroid hormones by itself might be a factor responsible for maintenance of GD by increased cytokine production [19,23,30,36] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…An explanation for our findings may be that the control of hyperthyroidism per se results in a decrease in serum cytokine levels [36] . Actually, a chronic effect of excess thyroid hormones by itself might be a factor responsible for maintenance of GD by increased cytokine production [19,23,30,36] . Thus, thyroid hormones could modulate cytokine secretion in the hyperthyroid phase of GD [36] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Actually, a chronic effect of excess thyroid hormones by itself might be a factor responsible for maintenance of GD by increased cytokine production [19,23,30,36] . Thus, thyroid hormones could modulate cytokine secretion in the hyperthyroid phase of GD [36] . However, the limitations of our study may be related to the fact that cytokines in the circulation might differ from those produced in thyroid infiltrates, particularly sIL-2R and TNF-␣ that could be used as markers of GD activity [12,31] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of Serum Cytokines in Hyperthyroid Graves’ Disease Patients at Diagnosis and during Methimazole Treatment

Pedro

Romaldini

Takei

2010

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objective: Cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease (GD), but ambiguous serum cytokine results have been described. Methods: We studied the changes in serum interleukin (IL)-1β, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), IL-5, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations in 29 untreated GD patients before and after restoration of euthyroidism with methimazole (MMI) treatment compared to 25 control subjects. Eleven out of 29 GD patients had active Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). Results: Compared to controls, untreated GD patients had significantly higher median levels of serum IL-1β (18.7 vs. 34.0 pg/ml), sIL-2R (292.5 vs. 1,585.0 pg/ml), IL-5 (1.0 vs. 9.0 pg/ml), IL-6 (3.0 vs. 5.0 pg/ml) and TNF-α (8.1 vs. 16.0 pg/ml). In euthyroidism following MMI treatment, concentrations of IL-1β (25.0 pg/ml), sIL-2R (362.0 pg/ml), IL-5 (3.0 pg/ml), IL-6 (3.0 pg/ml) and TNF-α (5.0 pg/ml) declined significantly and were similar to controls. The greatest reductions were noted in sIL-2R (76.9%), TNF-α (68.8%) and IL-5 (66.6%) levels. Serum sIL-2R, IL-5 and TNF-α levels in active GO patients were significantly elevated, but no significant differences were observed in GD patients without GO. Using a multiple linear regression analysis, serum IL-1β was significantly associated with free thyroxine, sIL-2R with triiodothyronine and serum thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) and TNF-α with TRAb. Conclusion: These results support the notion that serum cytokines could be used as a marker of GD activity, and the decrease in cytokine levels might be related to the achievement of euthyroidism and the immunomodulatory effects of MMI treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Changes of Serum Cytokines in Hyperthyroid Graves’ Disease Patients at Diagnosis and during Methimazole Treatment

Pedro

Romaldini

Takei

2010

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…They were not taking any drug known to influence thyroid function or calcium metabolism, and were not using bone anti-resorptive medications or estrogen-replacement therapy. Data regarding other pathophysiological aspects of most of the patients and controls have been reported previously (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone deficiency and postmenopausal status independently increase serum osteoprotegerin concentrations in women

Botella-Carretero

Álvarez‐Blasco²,

Millán³

et al. 2007

eur j endocrinol

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Objective: To study the impact of thyroxine (T4) withdrawal on serum osteoprotegerin concentrations in women, using a healthy euthyroid control group matched for age and postmenopausal status as reference. Subjects and design: Nineteen women with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were studied the last day on T4 suppressive treatment, 4-7 days after withdrawal and the day before whole body scanning. Eighteen women matched for age and postmenopausal status served as controls. Serum thyroid hormones, urinary bone markers and serum osteoprotegerin concentrations were measured. Statistical methods included repeated measures analysis of variance and one-way analysis of variance. Results: Patients progressed from subclinical or mild hyperthyroidism at baseline to normal free T4 and triiodothyronine levels 4-7 days later, ending in overt hypothyroidism before scanning. Serum osteoprotegerin increased, and urinary deoxypyridolines/creatinine and pyridolines/creatinine ratios decreased, with acute hypothyroidism (PZ0.026, PZ0.003, and P!0.001 respectively). Urinary deoxypyridolines/creatinine ratio, pyridolines/creatinine ratio, and serum osteocalcin during hypothyroidism were lower compared with those of healthy controls (PZ0.023, PZ0.019, and PZ0.011 respectively). Serum osteoprotegerin concentrations were higher in postmenopausal patients when compared with premenopausal ones, irrespective of the changes in thyroid function (PZ0.001). Conclusion: Serum osteoprotegerin concentrations increase following acute hypothyroidism after T4 withdrawal in women with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and also with postmenopausal status.European Journal of Endocrinology 156 539-545

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“…Thyroid hormones are known to affect cell-mediated immune response (31). Cht is viewed as a component of innate immunity (32).…”

Section: F I G U R E 1 Ch I T O T R I O S I D a S E A C T I V I T Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Serum Chitotriosidase Activity following Restoration of Euthyroidism in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

et al. 2008

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The effects of thyroid hormones on circulating markers of cell-mediated immune response, as studied in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma before and during thyroxine withdrawal

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Changes of Serum Cytokines in Hyperthyroid Graves’ Disease Patients at Diagnosis and during Methimazole Treatment

Changes of Serum Cytokines in Hyperthyroid Graves’ Disease Patients at Diagnosis and during Methimazole Treatment

Thyroid hormone deficiency and postmenopausal status independently increase serum osteoprotegerin concentrations in women

Increased Serum Chitotriosidase Activity following Restoration of Euthyroidism in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

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