The effects on health of ambient particles: time for an agonizing reappraisal?

Maynard, Robert

doi:10.1007/s10565-015-9296-7

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Of the range of atmospheric pollutants, particulate matter-especially PM2.5 (particulate matter 2.5 microns diameter or less)-has the most serious effects on health (Atkinson et al, 2015;Cohen et al, 2005;Franck et al, 2011;Fuzzi et al, 2015;Jones et al, 2015), although it is acknowledged that the particulate matter health association is complex and wrought with a number of toxicological puzzles (Maynard, 2015). An important constituent of the PM2.5 mix is organic aerosol (OA).…”

Section: Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidity: A review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health

Davis

McGregor

Enfield

2016

Environmental Research

346

208

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. cases when the proximity to saturation is not medically relevant. Care must be taken in averaging certain humidity variables daily or seasonally to avoid statistical biasing associated with variables that are inherently diurnal through their relationship to temperature.

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Section: Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidity: A review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health

Davis

McGregor

Enfield

2016

Environmental Research

346

208

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“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated both endogenously and exogenously. During exogenous ROS exposure, environmental gases, such as aldehydes/carbonyls, NO 2 , SO 2 , CO, and airborne particulate matters, as well as cigarette smoke, can cause oxidative stress and trigger inflammatory responses in the lungs [ 4 , 5 ]. In addition, impaired antioxidant defense systems in lung epithelial cells, macrophages and other inflammatory cells can lead to high levels of endogenous ROS in tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathophysiological role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in lung diseases

2017

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Mitochondria are critically involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent lung diseases, such as lung fibrosis, asbestos, chronic airway diseases and lung cancer. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes mitochondrial proteins and is more sensitive to oxidants than nuclear DNA. Damage to mtDNA causes mitochondrial dysfunction, including electron transport chain impairment and mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Furthermore, damaged mtDNA also acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that drives inflammatory and immune responses. In this review, crosstalk among alveolar epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and mitochondria is examined. ROS-related transcription factors and downstream cell signaling pathways are also discussed. We conclude that targeting oxidative stress with antioxidant agents, such as thiol molecules, polyphenols and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis should be considered as novel strategies for treating lung diseases that currently have no effective treatment options.

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“…A number of epidemiological studies revealed various correlations between high particulate matter (PM) concentrations and adverse health effects, including respiratory symptoms, asthma and allergies, decreased lung function, cardiovascular disorders and increased mortality (Pope et al, 2009;Bentayeb et al, 2012;Kim et al, 2015;Maynard, 2015;Wang et al, 2016). In the last two decades, many studies showed that exposure to aerosol occurs both indoors and outdoors since people nowadays, especially in big cities, spend most of their time in indoor environments (Eurostat, 2004;Kleipis et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number Concentrations and Modal Structure of Indoor/Outdoor Fine Particles in Four European Cities

Lazaridis

Eleftheriadis

Zdimal

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Indoor/outdoor aerosol size distribution was measured in four European cities (Oslo-Norway, Prague-Czech Republic, Milan-Italy and Athens-Greece) during 2002 in order to examine the differences in the characteristics of the indoor/outdoor modal structure and to evaluate the effect of indoor sources to the aerosol size distributions. All the measurement sites were naturally ventilated and were occupied during the campaigns by permanent residents or for certain time periods by the technical staff responsible for the instrumentation. Outdoor particle number (PN) concentrations presented the higher values in Milan and Athens (median values 1.4 × 10 4 # cm -3 and 2.9 × 10 4 # cm -3 respectively) as a result of elevated outdoor emissions and led to correspondingly higher indoor values compared to Oslo and Prague. In absence of indoor activities, the indoor concentrations followed the fluctuations of the outdoor concentrations in all the measurement sites. Indoor activities (cooking, smoking, etc.) resulted in elevated indoor PN concentrations (maximum values ranging between 1.7 × 10 5 # cm -3 and 3.2 × 10 5 # cm -3 ) and to I/O ratios higher than one. The I/O ratios were size dependant and for periods without indoor activities, they presented the lowest values for particles < 50 nm (0.51 ± 0.15) and the ratios increased with fine particle size (0.79 ± 0.12 for particles between 100-200 nm). The analysis of the modal structure showed that the indoor aerosol size distribution characteristics differ from the outdoors under the effect of indoor sources. The percentage of unimodal size distributions increased during indoor emissions, compared to periods without indoor sources, along with the number concentration of Aitken mode particles, indicating emissions in specific size ranges according to the type of the indoor source.

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The effects on health of ambient particles: time for an agonizing reappraisal?

Cited by 17 publications

References 84 publications

Humidity: A review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health

Humidity: A review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health

The pathophysiological role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in lung diseases

Number Concentrations and Modal Structure of Indoor/Outdoor Fine Particles in Four European Cities

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