The efficacy of antioxidant therapy against oxidative stress and androgen rise in ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis in Wistar rats

Abstract

<jats:p> Administration of natural antioxidants has been used to protect against nephrolithiasis. Urolithiasis was induced by ethylene glycol (EG) in Wistar rats. For 4 weeks, group 1 (control) was fed with a standard commercial diet. Group 2 received the same diet with 0.75% of EG. Group 3 received EG plus the diet and water added with antioxidant nutrients and lime juice as the dietary source of citrate (EG + AX). Group 4 same as group 3 with no EG in water. For 8 weeks, group 5 was fed the standard diet with EG in water for the first 28 days, followed by no EG. Group 6 received the diet with EG for the first 28 days, followed by discontinuation of EG and addition of antioxidant nutrients. Group 7 were provided the diet with antioxidant nutrients for 8 weeks. Group 8 received the diet with antioxidant nutrients for 4 weeks, followed by antioxidant nutrients with EG for the next 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected and kidneys were removed. The size and the mean number of crystal deposits in EG-treated groups was significantly higher than the EG-treated groups, added with antioxidant nutrients and lime juice. After 4 weeks, the mean concentration of malondialdehyde in group 2 was higher than the group 3, and significantly lower in group 4; and in groups 7 after 8 weeks, as well. After 8 weeks, supplementation developed less mean number of deposits in group 6 as compared to group 5; and in group 8, the crystal deposits was substantially less than either group 2 or group 5 (EG-treated rats). Elevated concentration of androgens (as promoters of the formation of renal calculi) as a result of EG consumption decreased following antioxidant supplementations. Results showed a beneficial effect of antioxidant and provided superior renal protection on treating and preventing stone deposition in the rat kidney. </jats:p>

Protective effects of boron and vitamin E on ethylene glycol-induced renal crystal calcium deposition in rat

“…Our results showed that EG causes the formation of stones in all parts of kidney (cortex, medulla, and para cortex [juxtamedulla]). Th ese results are consistent with other recent studies (Naghii et al 2015;Kandhare et al 2015;Shukla et al 2014;Cho et al 2014). Th e main mechanism of stone formation following administration of EG is related to EG metabolism pathway.…”

“…It immediately binds to Calcium in tissues and urinary tract and forms kidney stones (Atakan et al 2007). Results of Naghii et al (2015) showed that two other mechanisms that contribute to the stone formation include elevated androgen levels in plasma following administration of EG as well as oxidative stress in the kidney that causes apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells and this process is one of the most important factors in kidney stone cascade event.…”

“…Th erefore, the results obtained in the group EG+Vit E may be due to the antioxidant eff ects of this substance. It is reported that Antioxidants prevent the formation of kidney stones by reducing plasma androgen markers (Naghii et al 2015). Antioxidant supplement can protect kidney tubules cell membrane, thus leading to prevent stone formation (Th amilselvan et al 1997).…”

“…Ethylene glycol (EG: 1,2-ethanediol, ethane-1,2-diol) is a substance that causes oxidative stress in the kidney and eventually stone formation. It is toxic in its pure form and colorless, odorless, and sweet tasting substance (Naghii et al 2015). Its main industrial use is as an antifreezer for cars and air conditioners.…”

The Protective Effect of Pomegranate and Lemon Juices in Number of Biochemical Parameters in Blood Serum and Tissue of Local Rabbits Infected by Experimental Urolithiasis

“…) . (Tugcu et al, 2008;Parmar et al, 2012;Makasana et al, 2014;Naghii et al, 2014;Kumar et al, 2015 (Giebisch, 2004;Goff, 2004;Grunberg et al, 2006;Grunberg et al, 2011;Constable et al, 2013;) . (Aviram et al, 2002;Touhami et al, 2007 (Karadi et al, 2006;Celik et al, 2007) .…”