2022
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02626-z
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The efficacy of EndoActivator, passive ultrasonic irrigation, and Ultra X in removing calcium hydroxide from root canals: an in-vitro study

Abstract: Background This study aimed to compare the efficacy of EndoActivator, passive ultrasonic irrigation, and Ultra X in removing calcium hydroxide from the artificial grooves in root canal walls. Methods The root canals of 50 extracted human maxillary incisors were instrumented by using the ProTaper rotary system up to #F4 (size 40/0.06 ProTaper) and the teeth were split longitudinally. Lateral grooves were created in the apical and coronal parts of on… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…Removal of microorganisms and their by-products from the root canals is the supreme objective of endodontic therapy [ 1 , 2 ], which is impeded by anatomical complexities like lateral canals, dentinal tubules, and isthmuses [ 3 , 4 ]. This goal can be best achieved by combining mechanical preparation with different irrigants and intracanal medicaments [ 5 , 6 ] like calcium hydroxide, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), and double antibiotic paste (DAP), which are commonly used between the treatment sessions [ 1 , 7 , 8 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Removal of microorganisms and their by-products from the root canals is the supreme objective of endodontic therapy [ 1 , 2 ], which is impeded by anatomical complexities like lateral canals, dentinal tubules, and isthmuses [ 3 , 4 ]. This goal can be best achieved by combining mechanical preparation with different irrigants and intracanal medicaments [ 5 , 6 ] like calcium hydroxide, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), and double antibiotic paste (DAP), which are commonly used between the treatment sessions [ 1 , 7 , 8 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This study assessed the amount of the remaining medicament in the root canal space with a 4-grade scoring system by evaluating the images under a stereo microscope at a 20× magnification [ 23 ] since the scoring system has several advantages such as ease of application and repeatability and high rates of intra-examiner agreement used [ 30 ]. On the other hand, it has been stated that measuring the surface layer of intracanal medicaments poses a risk in demonstrating the three-dimensional (3D) evaluation of the removal depth [ 31 ], and therefore volumetric analysis with micro-CT could demonstrate more accurate results. However, three-dimensional imaging with micro-CT has low availability and high cost [ 31 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…On the other hand, it has been stated that measuring the surface layer of intracanal medicaments poses a risk in demonstrating the three-dimensional (3D) evaluation of the removal depth [ 31 ], and therefore volumetric analysis with micro-CT could demonstrate more accurate results. However, three-dimensional imaging with micro-CT has low availability and high cost [ 31 ]. In addition, the radiopacity level of CH and DAP can be a challenge for their complete visualization with micro-CT [ 32 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Before root canal lling phase, complete removal of the medicaments from the root canals is crucial for the adaptation of sealers to the dentinal walls [14]. Additionally, the gradual dissolution of intracanal medicaments can lead to the formation of voids between the lling and dentinal walls, which, in conjunction with apical leakage, may promote bacterial growth [15,16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%