The efficacy of good practice to prevent long-term leaching losses of phosphorus from an irrigated dairy farm

Treating farm dairy effluent with poly‐ferric sulphate dramatically reduces phosphorus and E. coli leaching through subsurface drains—A physical drainage model study

“…This demonstrates that treating effluent with PFS can significantly reduce P transfer to surface waters via artificial drainage. This new effluent treatment technology can, therefore, potentially serve as an effective mitigation tool to decrease P leaching losses through pipe and tile drain systems following the application of FDE onto pasture soils (Cook & Baker, 2001; Dodd & Sharpley, 2016; Geohring et al, 2001; King et al, 2015; McDowell et al, 2019; Young et al, 2017).…”

“…It is common practice to irrigate FDE onto pastoral land to recycle the nutrients, making FDE an economically valuable resource for dairy farms (Di et al, 1998, 1999; Laubach et al, 2015; Minogue et al, 2010). However, research has shown that when FDE is applied onto shallow free‐draining soils or soils with artificial agricultural drainage systems, there is a high risk of phosphate (P) being transferred into surface waters and groundwater (Cameron & Di, 2019; Houlbrooke & Monaghan, 2009; McDowell et al, 2019; Monaghan & Smith, 2004; Toor, Condron, Cade‐Menun, et al, 2004; Toor, Condron, Di, et al, 2004). Figure 1 illustrates how FDE is applied to land over a subsurface tile drain system.…”

“…A 14‐year study has found that the effluent irrigation area was the main source of phosphate leaching loss from a dairy farm on a free‐draining stony soil McDowell et al (2019). Similarly, Houlbrooke et al (2004) and McDowell and Nash (2012) also reported that FDE irrigation was a major source for P leaching loss on dairy farms and that between 2 and 20% of the P applied as FDE to soil could be lost into surface waters and groundwater, either through runoff or leaching.…”

The importance of incorporating geology, soil, and landscape knowledge in freshwater farm planning in Aotearoa New Zealand

“…For example, soils which are shallow, coarse-textured, and have a low P sorption capacity, are very susceptible to P leaching and potentially surface runoff loss (19). Such soils represent an extreme risk of contaminant loss to freshwater if they are receiving surface applications of animal effluent (20). If regional scale soil mapping suggests the soil type receiving this effluent application has a high P sorption capacity when, in fact, farm scale mapping shows that the soil has low P sorption and is at risk of P leaching and surface runoff loss, the objectives of the FFP in terms of "… to better control adverse effects of farming on freshwater and freshwater ecosystems."…”

Good Agriculture Practices Application on Water Apple Farming in Demak Regency, Central Java Indonesia

“…In addition, many researchers conducted research on GAP for sustainable agriculture, namely [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], and [17]. Furthermore, in the use of agricultural resources, several experts have researched GAP on the use of water and agricultural land, namely [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23] and [24].…”