The Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver in Reducing the Incidence of Post-Harvest Apple Fruit Brown Rot

Madbouly, Adel Kamel

doi:10.3390/jof7060473

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In recent years, AgNPs have been applied to control post-harvest diseases in citrus ( Al-Sheikh and Yehia, 2016 ), mango ( Shivamogga Nagaraju et al, 2020 ), apple ( Madbouly, 2021 ), and strawberry ( Oliveira et al, 2022 ). However, no AgNPs research on preventing kiwifruit rot has been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antifungal activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles against four pathogens causing kiwifruit post-harvest rot

Pan

Deng

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Post-harvest rot causes enormous economic loss to the global kiwifruit industry. Currently, there are no effective fungicides to combat the disease. It is unclear whether silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are effective in controlling post-harvest rot and, if so, what the underlying antifungal mechanism is. Our results indicated that 75 ppm AgNPs effectively inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of four kiwifruit rot pathogens: Alternaria alternata, Pestalotiopsis microspora, Diaporthe actinidiae, and Botryosphaeria dothidea. Additionally, AgNPs increased the permeability of mycelium’s cell membrane, indicating the leakage of intracellular substance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed that AgNPs induced pathogen hypha shrinkage and distortion, as well as vacuolation in hypha cells, implying that AgNPs caused cellular and organelle structural degradation. The transcriptome sequencing of mycelium treated with AgNPs (24 h / 48 h) was performed on the Illumina Hiseq 4000 sequencing (RNA-Seq) platform. For the time points of 24 h and 48 h, AgNPs treatment resulted in 1,178 and 1,461 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of A. alternata, 517 and 91 DEGs of P. microspora, 1,287 and 65 DEGs of D. actinidiae, 239 and 55 DEGs of B. dothidea, respectively. The DEGs were found to be involved in “catalytic activity,” “small molecule binding,” “metal ion binding,” “transporter activity,” “cellular component organization,” “protein metabolic process,” “carbohydrate metabolic process,” and “establishment of localization.” Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis also revealed that “carbohydrate metabolism,” “amino acid metabolism,” “energy metabolism,” and “xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism” of “metabolism processes” were the most highly enriched pathways for these DEGs in four pathogens, with “cellular processes” being particularly enriched for B. dothidea. Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCRs) were used to validate the RNA-seq results. It was also confirmed that AgNPs could significantly reduce the symptoms of kiwifruit rot without leaving any Ag+ residue on the peel and flesh of kiwifruit. Our findings contributed to a better understanding of the antifungal effect and molecular mechanisms of AgNPs against pathogens causing kiwifruit post-harvest rot, as well as a new perspective on the application of this novel antifungal alternative to fruit disease control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antifungal activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles against four pathogens causing kiwifruit post-harvest rot

Pan

Deng

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The emergence of new fungal phytopathogenic species all over the world and the increase in fungal resistance to the current solutions, such as synthetic pesticides, is one of the main challenges that the agriculture industry is currently facing [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 10 , 39 ]. This affects the yield of fruit production, causing great losses during the postharvest stages [ 2 , 4 ]. In this context and accounting for the negative impact that synthetic fungicides have not only on the environment but also on human and animal health [ 10 , 12 , 13 ], the search for novel, safer, and more sustainable solutions is of extreme importance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fresh fruits, particularly pears, are a source of nutrients and active substances, whose role is very important for human health and wellbeing [ 2 , 3 ]. However, their production is often compromised by fungal infections, among other pathogens that are responsible for 20% of perennial losses, of which 10% are caused during postharvest stages [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. Furthermore, these losses are tightly related to the global climate change, which is helping to increase the severity of plant diseases and the emergence of new pests [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweed Extracts to Control Postharvest Phytopathogenic Fungi in Rocha Pear

Toledo

Félix

Vicente

et al. 2023

JoF

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Fungal infections cause losses amounting to between 20 and 25% of the fruit industry’s total outcome, with an escalating impact on agriculture in the last decades. As seaweeds have long demonstrated relevant antimicrobial properties against a wide variety of microorganisms, extracts from Asparagopsis armata, Codium sp., Fucus vesiculosus, and Sargassum muticum were used to find sustainable, ecofriendly, and safe solutions against Rocha pear postharvest fungal infections. Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium expansum mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition activities were tested in vitro with five different extracts of each seaweed (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, aqueous, ethanolic, and hydroethanolic). An in vivo assay was then performed using the aqueous extracts against B. cinerea and F. oxysporum in Rocha pear. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanolic extracts from A. armata showed the best in vitro inhibitory activity against B. cinerea, F. oxysporum, and P. expansum, and promising in vivo results against B. cinerea using S. muticum aqueous extract were also found. The present work highlights the contribution of seaweeds to tackle agricultural problems, namely postharvest phytopathogenic fungal diseases, contributing to a greener and more sustainable bioeconomy from the sea to the farm.

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“…Biologically synthesized AgNPs are less in cost, eco-friendly, safe and pollutant free with less or no side effects which can be used further in various industrial and medical applications (Ming et al, 2011). AgNPs have been used to manage post-harvest infections in strawberry (Oliveira et al, 2022) and apple (Madbouly, 2021), and in mango recent years (Shivamogga Nagaraju et al, 2020). This is in conformity with previous works that have reported better antimicrobial activity of AgNPs than the crude extracts of other parts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Anti-Microbial Activity by the Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles of Different Parts of Plumbago zeynalica L. Plant

Shanmugam¹,

Sivaranjani²,

Parthasarathy³

et al. 2023

Intern. J. Zool. Invest.

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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plants has turn into a promising alternative it is also a cost effective, eco-friendly, reproducible and energy saving as compared to that of conventional chemical and physical synthesis process. The present research deals with the green synthesis of AgNPs with the aqueous extracts of leaf, stem and root of Plumbago zeylanica (L.). The AgNPs was confirmed and assessed for their biological activities through various methods. Its existence was confirmed by the analysis of spectroscopy profile with UVvisible spectrophotometer at 440 nm. Then the SEM analysis confirmed sphere-shaped and the size of nanoparticles in the range of approximately 18 nm. Among different plant parts extracts, it was observed that P. zeylanica L. root extract can decrease the silver ions into silver nanoparticles within 2 h of reaction. Thus, the biosynthesis of stable silver nanoparticles with the size range of 4-30 nm have antimicrobial activity. The antibacterial effects on the Gram-negative pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and antifungal activity on Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata were tested using three parts of P. zeylanica extract. Compared to stem and leaf AgNPs, the root AgNPs synthesized were smaller in dimension and exhibited a higher level of antimicrobial activity and this is the first study on root extract against antimicrobial activities. Overall, this study suggested that the AgNPs of root extract of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L. is capable of rendering antimicrobial efficacy and hence has a great potential in the preparation of drugs used against bacterial and fungal diseases.

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The Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver in Reducing the Incidence of Post-Harvest Apple Fruit Brown Rot

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

The antifungal activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles against four pathogens causing kiwifruit post-harvest rot

The antifungal activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles against four pathogens causing kiwifruit post-harvest rot

Seaweed Extracts to Control Postharvest Phytopathogenic Fungi in Rocha Pear

Assessment of Anti-Microbial Activity by the Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles of Different Parts of Plumbago zeynalica L. Plant

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