The efficacy of plant extract and bioactive compounds approaches in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: A systematic review

Microfluidization trends in the development of nanodelivery systems and applications in chronic disease treatments

“…Traditionally, food-based medicine or phytomedicine is followed generally throughout the world, and some bioactive compounds are documented in several countries. 6,10,11,47,48 In general practice, plant bioactive compounds are orally consumed in the form of either extracts or nutraceuticals, which benefit mankind by inhibiting or slowing down the occurrence of diseases by anticancer, antiinflammation, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and antioxidation mechanisms. However, during oral consumption of plant bioactive compounds, their activity and mechanisms are fully achieved due to numerous factors in the gastrointestinal tracts.…”

“…However, based on the size and preparation of those delivery systems using different equipment, different characteristic effects were shown in the functional properties of developed nanodelivery systems. 6,10,11,47,48 In a recent study, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) developed using microfluidization showed a smaller particle size of about 36-136 nm along with enhanced stability when generated using microfluidizing techniques. 52 Similarly, pickering nanoemulsions with very high stability were also developed using microfluidization by preventing droplet coalescence with surface coverage and achieving a higher bridging effect between the droplet.…”

“…Owing to various process parameters during extraction, poor stability, oral environmental conditions, inaccessibility, and bioavailability, the application and development of various plant bioactive compoundbased treatments for chronic diseases have been limited. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Therefore, an innovative approach that can protect bioactivity during oral treatments as well as provide enhanced bioavailability of those plant bioactive compounds for the successive treatment of chronic diseases is necessary.…”

Anti-inflammatory actions of herbal medicines in a model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced by cigarette smoke

“…Subsequently, each extract was evaluated for cytotoxicity in vitro [21] by the analysis of blood cells exposed to different concentrations (4%, 8%, 16%, 32% and 50%) and followed by the reading of absorbance at 540 nm in spectrophotometer. Cytotoxicity of 25% or greater was observed from the 8% concentration for all extracts, because of this, and knowing the possible synergistic action of medicinal herbs when administered together [16], the lowest extracts concentrations were selected.…”

“…Different inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes, participate in the disease development and are responsible for the release of several chemical mediators, which in the long term and imbalance of the immune response cause tissue damage and contribute to the lung function decline [2,[4][5][6] The influence of exposure to cigarette smoke in rats is a simple and widely used model to study smoking adverse effects and treatment possibilities of illnesses caused by this habit [7,8]. Although they differ in type and amount of cigarettes and time of exposure, several studies have been conducted to induce COPD in rats [7,[9][10][11] As the inflammatory mechanisms induced by smoking are related to development of different clinical conditions, one of the promising treatments is the anti-inflammatory therapy by medicinal herbs [12][13][14][15][16].…”