The efficiency of irrigants in removing root canal debris when used with an ultrasonic preparation technique

Griffiths, Brigitte; Stock, C. J. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.1986.tb00491.x

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This regular repeating pattern has been noticed by other investigators when assessing the cleanliness 84 of canals prepared by ultrasonics (4,5) but are not a feature of those canals which have been prepared with sonic instruments (6,7). When these instruments are used then the markings consist of either regular bands (6) or longitudinal parallel grooves (7).…”

supporting

confidence: 70%

Canal markings produced by endosonic instruments

Walmsley

Murgel

Krell

1991

Dental Traumatology

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It has been recognised that ultrasonic files leave a diagonal pattern within the canal following endosonic instrumentation. There is confusion on the causative factor on the production of these marks. Furthermore there is little information about the marks produced by sonic files. An in vitro system consisting of highly polished dentin discs demonstrated that the ultrasonic K-file made a diagonal pattern that was an imprint of the cutting edges of the file. The sonic files produced different markings which were the result of their longitudinal and transverse motion. Root canals of extracted teeth were prepared with these instruments and similar grooves were observed. The ultrasonic K-file had diagonal grooves in the coronal and middle third of the root canal but longitudinal marks in the apical third. The rispisonic and shaper files produced debris even in the presence of NaOCl. This debris was formed into discrete parallel bands. Both longitudinal and transverse grooves were present and the canal had many other scratches similar to those seen with the dentin discs. There were differences between the marks produced by either ultrasonic or sonic endosonic instruments but it is unknown whether this influences the long term prognosis of the root canal therapy.

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supporting

confidence: 70%

Canal markings produced by endosonic instruments

Walmsley

Murgel

Krell

1991

Dental Traumatology

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“…A continuous flow of NaOCl activated by an ultrasonic delivery system was used for the preparation and irrigation of canals. Smear‐free canal surfaces were observed using this method (Cameron 1983, 1987a,b, Griffiths & Stock 1986, Alaçam 1987). Whilst concentrations of 2–4% sodium hypochlorite in combination with ultrasonic energy were able to remove smear layer, lower concentrations of the solutions were unsatisfactory (Cameron 1988).…”

Section: Methods To Remove the Smear Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

The smear layer in endodontics – a review

2009

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Root canal instrumentation produces a layer of organic and inorganic material called the smear layer that may also contain bacteria and their by-products. It can prevent the penetration of intracanal medicaments into dentinal tubules and influence the adaptation of filling materials to canal walls. This article provides an overview of the smear layer, focusing on its relevance to endodontics. The PubMed database was used initially; the reference list for smear layer featured 1277 articles, and for both smear layer dentine and smear layer root canal revealed 1455 publications. Smear layer endodontics disclosed 408 papers. A forward search was undertaken on selected articles and using some author names. Potentially relevant material was also sought in contemporary endodontic texts, whilst older books revealed historic information and primary research not found electronically, such that this paper does not represent a 'classical' review. Data obtained suggests that smear layer removal should enhance canal disinfection. Current methods of smear removal include chemical, ultrasonic and laser techniques - none of which are totally effective throughout the length of all canals or are universally accepted. If smear is to be removed, the method of choice seems to be the alternate use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium hypochlorite solutions. Conflict remains regarding the removal of the smear layer before filling root canals, with investigations required to determine the role of the smear layer in the outcomes of root canal treatment.

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“…US is a useful adjunct in cleaning these difficult anatomical features. It has been demonstrated that an irrigant in conjunction with ultrasonic vibration, which generates a continuous movement of the irrigant, is directly associated with the effectiveness of the cleaning of the root canal space (22,(137)(138)(139)(140)(141)(142).…”

Section: Increased Action Of Irrigating Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%