The efficiency of removal of lead and other elements from domestic drinking waters using a bench-top water filter system

Gulson, Brian L.; Sheehan, Ann; Giblin, Angela M.; Chiaradia, Massimo; Conradt, Berti

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(96)05401-0

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The following are six examples illustrating this: the use of (i) commercial filtration devices (e. g., Brita), used mostly in developed countries [11][12][13], (ii) ceramic pot filters or Kosim filters in Ghana [14], (iii) 3-Kolshi filters and SONO filters in Bangladesh [6,15,16], (iv) Kanchan TM arsenic filters in Nepal [17,18], (v) Danvor plastic biosand filters [19], and (vi) Potters for Peace Filtron ceramic filters [19,20]. Promoting household water treatment and safe storage helps populations to actively take charge of their own water security.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic Iron Filters for Universal Access to Safe Drinking Water

Noubactep¹,

Schöner

Woafo

2009

CLEAN Soil Air Water

129

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The availability of sustainable safe drinking water is one of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The world is on schedule to meet the MDG to ‘halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water in 2000’. However, present technologies may still leave more than 600 million people without access to safe water in 2015. The objective of the present article is to present a concept for universal water filters primarily made of metallic iron (Fe0) and sand. The concept of Fe0/sand filters is based on a combination of: (i) recent developments in slow sand filtration and (ii) recent progress in understanding the process of contaminant removal in Fe0/H2O systems. The filters should be made up of more than 60% sand and up to 40% Fe0. The actual Fe0 proportion will depend on its intrinsic reactivity. The most important question to be answered regards the selection of the material to be used. The design of the filter can be derived from existing filters. It appears that Fe0/H2O based filters could be a technology with worldwide applicability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic Iron Filters for Universal Access to Safe Drinking Water

Noubactep¹,

Schöner

Woafo

2009

CLEAN Soil Air Water

129

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“…Levels of heavy metals in environmental waters such as groundwater (Santoyo et al, 2000;Gascoyne, 2004), potable water (Holynska et al, 1996;Gulson et al, 1997;Garcia et al, 1999), fresh and marine waters (Fatoki, 1993;Hall et al, 1995;Batterham et al, 1997;Fiaccabrino et al, 1998) have been assessed using a variety of methods such as mineral acids digestion/concentration (Garcia et al, 1999), extractive pre-concentration method (Polic, 2002), precipitation method (Umit and Latif, 2002) and adsorption/elution concentration procedures (Batterham et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental contaminants in groundwater: A study of trace metals from residential area in the vicinity of an industrial area in Lagos, Nigeria

Awofolu

2006

Environmentalist

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Groundwater (well water) from a residential area within the vicinity of an industrial estate in Lagos, Nigeria were sampled and analysed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for their heavy metals content. This was with a view of assessing the quality of the water, which was being used for domestic activities, especially, drinking usually without treatment. Total trace metal determination by mineral acid digestion of water samples was applied. This method proved to be better than an extractive concentration technique in the quality assurance protocols with the recovery range being 90.7 ± 0.006-97.6 ± 0.003%. Mean concentration of trace metals in water samples ranged from Fe: 0.05-0.47 mg l −1 ; Al: 0.1-1.54 mg l −1 ; Cu: 0.14-1.39 mg l −1 ; Zn: 0.04-0.43 mg l −1 ; Cd: trace-0.02 mg l −1 ; Pb: trace-0.03 mg l −1 , Mn: 0.01-0.18 mg l −1 and Ni: 0.02-0.11 mg l −1 . Physical parameters of water samples examined were within the drinking water safety limits except for conductivity. Results generally indicate the presence of heavy metal constituents in groundwater samples. Detection of metals such as cadmium and lead which have serious health implications above WHO and USEPA limits in drinking water gives cause for concern.O. R. Awofolu ( )

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“…It has been estimated that 80 % of child deaths are due to diseases that are caused by water contamination (Balbus and Lang 2001). Thus, there is an increasing concern on drinking water quality (Ozturk and Yilmaz 2000;Gulson et al 1997). Hence, consumption of bottled water has rapidly increased during the past especially in the tropical regions, particularly in tourist regions (Calabrase 1997;Misund et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of chemical variability of major bottled waters in Sri Lanka

Udagedara

Jayawardana

2014

Environ Earth Sci

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Bottled water is one of the major drinking water sources for travellers in tourist hubs in Sri Lanka. In this study, 32 major bottled water brands sold in the country were analyzed with 19 parameters by means of atomic absorption spectrometer, spectrophotometer and titration. The main objective of the present study is to investigate geochemical variations of Sri Lankan bottled waters in order to identify the main geochemical processes. A comparison of the element concentrations and the legal limits (Sri Lanka, US EPA and WHO) shows that only magnesium level in one brand is above the lower level set by Sri Lankan Standard. According to classifications based on European Union mineral water directive, all the brands indicate low mineral content (TDS 0-150 mg/L) and they are suitable for low sodium diets. Hardness of the water fluctuates within soft water (25 brands), moderately hard water (6 brands) and very hard water (1 brand). Accepted water quality classification systems were used to characterize the different bottled water types. Piper and stiff diagrams were used to establish that the dominant chemical types of the bottled waters are magnesium-calciumbicarbonate (11 brands), magnesium-calcium-sodiumbicarbonate (9 brands), sodium-magnesium-chloridesulphate (4 brands) and sodium-chloride-sulphate-bicarbonate (3 brands). According to dietary reference intakes, all the bottled water brands are significantly lower than the recommended human mineral requirements. This means that the bottled waters available in the country are useful for low mineral diets rather than sources for the necessary mineral intake.

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The efficiency of removal of lead and other elements from domestic drinking waters using a bench-top water filter system

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

Metallic Iron Filters for Universal Access to Safe Drinking Water

Metallic Iron Filters for Universal Access to Safe Drinking Water

Elemental contaminants in groundwater: A study of trace metals from residential area in the vicinity of an industrial area in Lagos, Nigeria

Assessment of chemical variability of major bottled waters in Sri Lanka

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