The Elastic Properties of Chemically Modified Wools and Their Implications for Theories of Wool Structure

Lindley, H.

doi:10.1177/004051755702700902

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Earlier studies [35,39,45] have shown that the stiffness of wool fibers decreases when disulfide groups are converted to thiol or S-methyl groups. Consequently, the stress at the transition points between the Hookean and yield regions and between the yield and post-yield regions of the stress-strain curve and the breaking stress decrease with decreasing disulfide content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stress—Strain Characteristics of Animal Fibers After Reduction and Alkylation

Crewther

1965

Textile Research Journal

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Animal fibers were reduced to varying degrees with solutions of thiols and alkylated with methyl iodide or ethylene dibromide. The stress-strain curves of S-methylated Lincoln wool fibers showed the following characteristics. The stresses at the end of the Hookean region and yield region and the breaking stress approached zero at zero disulfide content and maintained a constant ratio. Likewise the slopes of the yield and post-yield region showed a constant ratio and extrapolated to zero at zero disulfide content. The decrease in stress or slope per disulfide bond broken was much greater at low disulfide contents than at high disulfide contents. The strains at the end of the yield region and at break increased with decreasing disulfide content and the effect of each disulfide broken was greatest at low disulfide contents. The relationship between strain at the end of the yield region and residual disulfide content was the same, within

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stress—Strain Characteristics of Animal Fibers After Reduction and Alkylation

Crewther

1965

Textile Research Journal

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“…Strictly speaking, the report of using DBs as net-points in SMPs has not been found yet; however, the covalent bonds are strong enough to be stable under certain conditions that manifest high opportunity to be net-points in SMPs such as in wool hair. The DBs in wool as net-points can control the wool's elasticity significantly under general environmental factors [11,12]. In a conclusion, DBs as reversible component could be switches responsive to redox, showing selfhealing capability in some polymers, when reversible reactions take place between keratin macromolecules under specific (UV radiation) conditions [43].…”

Section: Keratinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HB is based on electrostatic attraction between opposite polar molecules, namely, dipole-dipole attraction, which in fact is not a true bond. Conversely, DB as a covalent cross-link for keratin molecules (can be characterized by Raman spectroscopy) [10] determines the elasticity of the hair [11,12]. The HBs and DBs in…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape Memory Effect of Keratin Fibers

Xiao¹,

Hu²

2018

Keratin

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In the past thousands of years, keratin fibers were only considered as textile fibers for excellent fiber performances, such as high strength, acceptable elasticity, good thermal insulation, etc. Only recently, some indications have been obtained that keratin fiber may be a smart natural material that may subvert people's perception of this matter. The smart attribute displays shape memory effects (SMEs) responsive to many types of stimuli including water, heat, coupled water-heat, redox agents, UV light, etc. These smart functions of keratin fibers are found to be the result of three structural components: crystals, hydrogen bonds (HBs), and disulfide bonds (DBs) among intra-and inter-keratin macromolecules. In this chapter, keratin fibers (such as camel hair) were employed for investigating their SMEs under five types of stimuli, in which the HBs, DBs, and crystals were characterized separately, as well as the fiber shape fixation and recovery ratios, respectively. The whole test results indicated that keratin hair fiber is a type of shape memory polymer and the related SME depends on the contents of the HBs, DBs, and crystalline phase inside the hair.

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“…Reduced and alkylated wool fibres were first used by Harris and colleagues (1942) in physical studies to assess the contribution of -88-bonds to the fibre properties, and work in this field is still continuing (Lindley 1957;Crewther 1965). An advantage of the reduction technique reported here is that coherent fibres can now be obtained at higher levels of reduction and results of various physical studies using these fibres have already been published (Haly 1963a(Haly , 1963b(Haly , 1965Watt 1963;Feughelman and Chapman 1966;Crewther et al 1967).…”

Section: (E) Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Wool Fibres, their Preparation and Alkylation

Maclaren¹,

Kilpatrick²,

Kirkpatrick³

1968

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryWool has been reduced by tributylphosphine or by toluene-w-thiol under conditions such that the fibres remained intact. Further, this reduced wool was S -alkylated with retention of fibrous properties. The reduced fibres and reduced and alkylated fibres have been studied to determine the contribution of the disulphide groups to the physical properties of wool fibres, and in other structural studies. Protein can be extracted from the reduced and subsequently S-carboxymethylated fibres, and the extent of extraction is markedly dependent on the conditions used in the preceding alkylation step.

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The Elastic Properties of Chemically Modified Wools and Their Implications for Theories of Wool Structure

Abstract: The changes in elastic properties produced by systematic changes of the number and kind of sulfur bonds are interpreted as implying the existence in the wool fiber of units joined longitudinally by disulfide bonds. Some possible implications of this concept are discussed.

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

The Stress—Strain Characteristics of Animal Fibers After Reduction and Alkylation

The Stress—Strain Characteristics of Animal Fibers After Reduction and Alkylation

Shape Memory Effect of Keratin Fibers

Reduced Wool Fibres, their Preparation and Alkylation

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