The Electrochemical Behavior of Lead, Lead-Antimony and Lead-Calcium Alloys in Storage Cells

Haring, H. E.; Thomas, U. B.

doi:10.1149/1.3493875

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The self-passivation of the lead electrode is a wellknown phenomena that has been studied by a number of investigators (8)(9)(10)(11), and it is very likely that all charged lead electrodes become covered with a layer of lead sulfate crystals as soon as the charging current is removed. After any prolonged stand the number of such crystals would increase rapidly.…”

Section: Results Of Experiments and Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Additives on the Reaction Mechanism of the Pb∕PbSO[sub 4] Electrode

Simon¹,

Caulder²,

Gurlusky³

et al. 1974

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An investigation has been made of the effect of lignin and BaSO4 on the capacity and life of the negative plate. BaSO~ alone, lignin alone, and combinations of the two improved cycle life. Of the combinations tested, 0.5% BaSO4 and L0% lignin gave the greatest improvement on SAE cycle life tests. Lignin alone was as effective as the lignin-BaSO4 combination in highrate, low-temperature discharges. Lignin decreased the diameter Of the lead particles and passivated portions of the lead surface, so that lead sulfate crystal growth was away from the surface, leaving considerable open space in the mass of crystals at the end of discharge. Without lignin the lead particles were larger, more closely spaced, and lead sulfate grew solidly along the lead surfaces, so that there was little void space at the end of charge. Microscopic examination showed nothing to explain the beneficial effect of BaSO4.

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Section: Results Of Experiments and Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was Paper 29 presented at the Miami Beach, Florida, Meeting of the Society, Oct. [8][9][10][11][12][13] 1972. This was Paper 29 presented at the Miami Beach, Florida, Meeting of the Society, Oct. [8][9][10][11][12][13] 1972.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Additives on the Reaction Mechanism of the Pb∕PbSO[sub 4] Electrode

Simon¹,

Caulder²,

Gurlusky³

et al. 1974

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…In Pb-Ca alloys grids, the content of Ca in the grid alloys is usually 0.03 wt.% grids [62]. The corrosion rates of the alloys were very low, and the positive grids also performed very well in float service [63].…”

Section: Effects Of Additives In the Battery Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the research of failure modes and mechanism for lead-acid batteries

Yang

Wang

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

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Summary The lead–acid battery (LAB) has been one of the main secondary electrochemical power sources with wide application in various fields (transport vehicles, telecommunications, information technologies, etc.). It has won a dominating position in energy storage and load‐leveling applications. However, the failure of LAB becomes the key barrier for its further development and application. Therefore, understanding the failure modes and mechanism of LAB is of great significance. The failure modes of LAB mainly include two aspects: failure of the positive electrode and negative electrode. The degradations of active material and grid corrosion are the two major failure modes for positive electrode, while the irreversible sulfation is the most common failure mode for the negative electrode. Introduction of carbon materials to the negative electrodes of LAB could suppress sulfation problem and enhance the battery performance efficiently. This paper will attempt here to pull together observations made by previous research to obtain a more comprehensive and integrative view of LAB failure modes. Moreover, according to a detail investigation to the battery market, we have drawn an objective and optimistic conclusion of LAB prospect. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…2. A group of round 2 and then expanding to consider transition metal oxides including V 6 O 13 that nominally met the desired criteria. An important aspect of Murphy's work on inorganic materials for lithium batteries was the demonstration that a wide variety of materials, including many with three-dimensional framework structures, could exhibit reasonable ionic mobilities for lithium.…”

Section: Research On Batteries That Provided Reliability To the Bell mentioning

confidence: 99%

ECS Classics: Making the Phone System More Reliable: Battery Research at Bell Labs

Schneemeyer

2016

Interface magazine

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This historical account summarized the involvement of Bell Laboratories and, eventually, AT&T in the research and development of batteries for their portfolio of products. Large volume of batteries (lead acid, design for the “float,” intermittent operation), was designed and subsequently used as the power backup for local switchboards. Eventually, up to 1.5 million cells had been made. Sealed Ni-Cd batteries were of interest as they could be used in close proximity to electrical equipment without emitting corrosive gases. A Telstar satellite was also equipped with a Ni-Cd rechargeable battery to work together with solar cells. In the late 1970s the research focused on cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries.

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The Electrochemical Behavior of Lead, Lead-Antimony and Lead-Calcium Alloys in Storage Cells

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

The Effect of Additives on the Reaction Mechanism of the Pb∕PbSO[sub 4] Electrode

The Effect of Additives on the Reaction Mechanism of the Pb∕PbSO[sub 4] Electrode

Review on the research of failure modes and mechanism for lead-acid batteries

ECS Classics: Making the Phone System More Reliable: Battery Research at Bell Labs

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