The electrochemical oxidation of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in acetonitrile

Lee, Jazreen H.Q.; Koh, Yu Rong; Webster, Richard D.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.05.044

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Two well‐defined oxidation peaks at 0.95 V v.s Ag/Ag+, and 1.12 V v.s Ag/Ag+, were observed with an absence of any reductive peak. This finding suggests the irreversible nature of the electrode process at this low scan rate, which is in accordance with previous reports [14c, 15, 17, 19]. This shows that the oxidation of DES occurs through two successive and irreversible processes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Biryol et al [16] have studied the electrochemical behavior of DES in acetonitrile and proposed a mechanism of its electro-oxidation implying two step two electron process. Lee et al [17] carried out the same study in a similar medium and presented a different mechanism involving up to four moles of electrons. However, these studies lack consistency and present conflicting comments, particularly concerning the electrochemical process of DES oxidation and the adsorption effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Better Understanding of Diethylstilbestrol Electro‐oxidation: Towards the Design of an Electrochemical Sensor

Bibani

Ktari²,

Fourati

et al. 2020

Electroanalysis

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The obstacle for the development of a reliable electrochemical technique to trace diethylstilbestrol (DES) lies in the complex electrochemical behavior of this illicit hormone. The present study targeted to thoroughly investigate and understand the electro‐oxidation of DES in acetonitrile on gold electrode by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. DES voltammogram has shown two anodic peaks, implicating two successive and irreversible processes. Adsorption and diffusion properties were studied and characterized using electrochemical, spectroscopic and morphological techniques. Avoiding adsorption, and under diffusion process only, a good linear correlation between peak current and DES concentration in the range of 0.25 to 1000 μmol/L was obtained with a detection and quantification limits of 0.2 μmol/L and 0.7 μmol/L, respectively, and a sensitivity of 0.016 A/mM. Competitivity tests, between DES and its structural analog hexestrol (HS), were carried out by chronoamperometry and SWV. HS even added in excess was found to merely affect DES electrochemical measurement. The established method exhibited high precision and reproducibility, and allows the easy and successful determination of DES in poultry feed sample. With a deep insight into its complex electrochemical behavior, this work paves the way to the development of selective, sensitive and easy‐to‐use electrochemical sensors directed towards this synthetic hormone and the related chemicals such as phenolic compounds.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Better Understanding of Diethylstilbestrol Electro‐oxidation: Towards the Design of an Electrochemical Sensor

Bibani

Ktari²,

Fourati

et al. 2020

Electroanalysis

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show abstract

“…It is possible to observe the presence of faradaic redox processes referring to DES, being the oxidation process in two stages of electronic transfer and a single reduction process (Figure C). There are reports relating electroactivity of DES with oxidation of phenolic groups presents in its structure. The overall process involves two electron‐proton transfers being the first electron‐transfer responsible to formation of a phenoxy radical that can be oxidized to phenoxone ion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Quantum Dots Modified Screen‐printed Electrodes as Electroanalytical Sensing Platform for Diethylstilbestrol

et al. 2019

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In present work a simple methodology for electroanalytical sensing of diethylstilbestrol (DES) using graphene quantum dots (GQD) surface modified screen‐printed electrodes (SPE) is reported. GQD was synthesized by simple bottom‐up method based on citric acid pyrolysis at 200 °C and electrodeposited directly at electrode surface under cyclic voltammetric conditions. The obtained GQD presented an average diameter of 7 nm and was characterized by techniques such as transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The proposed sensor exhibits a linear response from 0.05 to 7.5 μmol L−1, with limit of detection and quantification of 8.8 nmol L−1 and 29.0 nmol L−1, respectively. The repeatability study presented RSD=3.6 % for 6 consecutive measurements using the same electrode surface and the reproducibility study showed RSD=6.6 % for measurements with 6 different electrode surfaces. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for DES determination in synthetic urine and tap water spiked samples and good recoveries were obtained without any sample pre‐treatment, showing its promising analytical performance.

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“…3 & 4) anodes. A lower E pa in the second and more consecutive scan cycles can be attributed to the formation of a polymeric layer during the EO, which covers the electrode surface [32]. This results in a decreased i pa for the consecutive scan cycles.…”

Section: Electro-activity Of Salicylic Acidmentioning

confidence: 98%

Insights into the Kinetics of Intermediate Formation during Electrochemical Oxidation of the Organic Model Pollutant Salicylic Acid in Chloride Electrolyte

Ambauen

Muff

Lan

et al. 2019

Water

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The present study investigated the kinetics and formation of hydroxylated and chlorinated intermediates during electrochemical oxidation of salicylic acid (SA). A chloride (NaCl) and sulfate (Na2SO4) electrolyte were used, along with two different anode materials, boron doped diamond (BDD) and platinum (Pt). Bulk electrolysis of SA confirmed the formation of both hydroxylated and chlorinated intermediates. In line with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed in this study, 2,5- and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3- and 5- chlorosalicylic acid and 3,5-dichlorosalicylic acid were the dominating products. In the presence of a chloride electrolyte, the formation of chlorinated intermediates was the predominant oxidation mechanism on both BDD and Pt anodes. In the absence of a chloride electrolyte, hydroxylated intermediates prevailed on the Pt anode and suggested the formation of sulfonated SA intermediates on the BDD anode. Furthermore, direct oxidation at the anode surface only played a subordinate role. First order kinetic models successfully described the degradation of SA and the formation of the observed intermediates. Rate constants provided by the model showed that chlorination of SA can take place at up to more than 60 times faster rates than hydroxylation. In conclusion, the formation of chlorinated intermediates during electrochemical oxidation of the organic model pollutant SA is confirmed and found to be dominant in chloride containing waters.

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The electrochemical oxidation of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in acetonitrile

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

A Better Understanding of Diethylstilbestrol Electro‐oxidation: Towards the Design of an Electrochemical Sensor

A Better Understanding of Diethylstilbestrol Electro‐oxidation: Towards the Design of an Electrochemical Sensor

Graphene Quantum Dots Modified Screen‐printed Electrodes as Electroanalytical Sensing Platform for Diethylstilbestrol

Insights into the Kinetics of Intermediate Formation during Electrochemical Oxidation of the Organic Model Pollutant Salicylic Acid in Chloride Electrolyte

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