The Electrolytic Conductivity of Some Uni-Univalent Electrolytes in Water at 25°

Shedlovsky, Theodore

doi:10.1021/ja01343a020

Cited by 208 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…They were intercompared and finally standardized against aqueous solutions of purified potassium chloride. The specific conductivities of the solutions were calculated from the concentrations by means cf the empirical Shedlovksy equation (10) corrected to the Jones and Rradshaw standard (11 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF SOME TETRA-n-ALKYLAMMONIUM SALTS IN ACETONITRILE

Harkness¹,

Daggett²

1965

Can. J. Chem.

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The conductances of a number of tetra-n-alkylarn~no~~ium bromides and iodides have been measured in acetonitrile. Limiting equivalent conductances and dissociatio~l constants have been evaluated by two methods. Limiting equivalent ionic conductances have been evaluated from these results. Correlatioi~s have been made of the effect of ion size on the ionic conductances and on the relative order of magnitude of the dissociation constants. In an appendix the limiting ionic conductances of a number of other ions have been collected from the existing literature.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF SOME TETRA-n-ALKYLAMMONIUM SALTS IN ACETONITRILE

Harkness¹,

Daggett²

1965

Can. J. Chem.

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“…r bulk,C and r bulk,D are the bulk resistances in the concentrate and diluate channels, respectively. The bulk resistances are calculated from experimental data on conductivity [19][20][21].…”

Section: Modeling Electrodialysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal design and operation of electrodialysis for brackish-water desalination and for high-salinity brine concentration

et al. 2017

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Electrodialysis (ED) is a desalination technology that has been deployed commercially for decades. However, few studies in the literature have looked at the optimal design and operation of these systems, especially for the concentration of high-salinity brines. In this paper, a set of constraints is defined to allow a fair comparison between different system sizes, designs, and operating conditions. The design and operation of ED are studied for the applications of brackish-water desalination and of high-salinity brine concentration for a fixed system size. The set of variables that determine the power consumption of a fixed-size system is reduced to include only the channel height and the velocity, with all the other design and operation variables depending on these two variables. After studying the minimization of power consumption for a fixed system size, the minimum costs associated with the different system sizes are studied, and the differing trends in brackish-water and high-salinity applications are compared. Finally this paper presents the effect of the cost modeling parameters on the trends of the optimal system size, current density, length, channel height, and velocity for the two applications studied.

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“…where Λ is the molar conductivity, itself a function of concentration [30,31], h denotes channel height and σ denotes the spacer shadow factor. Membrane surface resistances, denotedr, are considered to be independent of salinity.…”

Section: Electrodialysis Transport Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits of hybridising electrodialysis with reverse osmosis

McGovern

Zubair

Lienhard

2014

Journal of Membrane Science

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A cost analysis reveals that hybridisation of electrodialysis with reverse osmosis is only justified if the cost of water from the reverse osmosis unit is less than 40% of that from a standalone electrodialysis system. In such cases the additional reverse osmosis costs justify the electrodialysis cost savings brought about by shifting salt removal to higher salinity, where current densities are higher and equipment costs lower. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that a simple hybrid configuration is more cost effective than a recirculated hybrid, a simple hybrid being one where the reverse osmosis concentrate is fed to the electrodialysis stack and the products from both units are blended, and a recirculated being one hybrid involving recirculation of the electrodialysis product back to the reverse osmosis unit. The underlying rationale is that simple hybridisation shifts salt removal away from the lowest salinity zone of operation, where salt removal is most expensive. Further shifts in the salinity at which salt is removed, brought about by recirculation, do not justify the associated increased costs of reverse osmosis.

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The Electrolytic Conductivity of Some Uni-Univalent Electrolytes in Water at 25°

Cited by 208 publications

References 0 publications

THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF SOME TETRA-n-ALKYLAMMONIUM SALTS IN ACETONITRILE

THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF SOME TETRA-n-ALKYLAMMONIUM SALTS IN ACETONITRILE

Optimal design and operation of electrodialysis for brackish-water desalination and for high-salinity brine concentration

The benefits of hybridising electrodialysis with reverse osmosis

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