The Electromagnetic Radiation Mechanism

Abstract

This paper suggested a mechanism for Electromagnetic Radiation (EM-R); the mechanism is based on the Flip-Flop (F-F) of combined Circular Magnetic Field (CMF) and Electric Field (EF) produced by energetic charged particles, the action released the EM-R; while as the F-F generates EM-R, it is also achieved within specific Flipping Time (t F ), the inverse of which is the Flipping Frequency (f F ), themodeliscomparedwithMaxwell'stwotransformationstoelaboratedifferencesand characteristics, hence when EM-R is better understood, that will reflects on the physical world and related human ideas and philosophies.

Protective role ofAloe veraagainst X-ray induced testicular dysfunction

“…Radiation is emission and transfer of energy in the form of waves or particles (Yousif, ). The use of radiation in medicine, research or industries is constantly increasing, contributing immensely to environmental pollution (Antwi & Kyei, ).…”

The Photoelectric Effects: Radiation Based With Atomic Model

“…The kinetic energy of such electron producing CMF, is given by 3Where, is electron mass in kg. The Circular Magnetic Field (CMF) and the Electric Field (EF) shown in Fig 1-a, suggested to represents the base upon which Electromagnetic Radiation (EM-R) is produced, through the transformation process, shown progressively in Fig.1-a,b,c & d, transformed/produced through the Flip-Flop (F-F) mechanism to emerged as EM-R shown in Fig.1-d (Yousif, 2014a(Yousif, , 2014b, the Electromagnetic Radiation Energy is equal to the Kinetic Energy , and both are equal to the Planck's formula, as the followings are multiplied by energy, time and frequency (Yousif, 2014a) (4) Where, the is the Flipping Radius or the Magnetic Radius ( ), is the Electromagnetic Radiation Energy, and since the Flipping time given with the kinetic energy on the left hand of Eq(4) is inverse of the frequency (1/f) the following is true 5As shown in Fig.1-a, the magnetic radius ( ) is the Flipping Radius ( ) and equal to (Yousif, 2014b), substituting this in the right hand side of Eq (5), the following is obtained (6) Since substituting in Eq (6), the following is obtained 7Eq(4) contained element of time, and Eq(5) contained element of distance, while Eq(6) contain wavelength, and Eq(7) contain the element of frequency, but as shown in Fig1-b all these four elements are interlinked as the time part of Eq(4) proved, therefore changing any of these elements varied the radiation energy, while the intensity of CMF ( ) given by Eq(2), and shown in Fig 1-a, is controlled by the Magnetic Radius ( ) or the Flipping Radius ( ), which is synonymous to the wavelength (λ) and frequency (f), thus any changes in these three parameters ( ) changed given by Eq(2), hence from this, and since thus and therefore substituting these in Eq(2) a disturbance in is given by (8) Eq(8) showed that any change in frequency ( ) changed the to , which changed the Magnetic Force ( ) and Lorentz Force ( ) given by Eq(1), as well as the Radiation Energy ( ) given in Eqs. (4,5,6,7), therefore magnetic force is frequency controlled entity.…”

“…Since relation given by Eq. (4) represents energy given by Planck (Yousif, 2014a), therefore the maximum energy given in Eqs. (9) can be replaced by Eq.…”

“…Therefore, Eq. (11) showed the existence of two equal formulas of EM-R energy, the kinetic energy ( ) and the Radiation Energy ( ), both equations gives equal result (Yousif, 2014a), but differ in interpretations. Einstein work IJFPS, Vol 5, No 1, pp 18-31, March , 2015…”

“…This paper is the third in a series started with "The Electromagnetic Radiation Mechanism" (Yousif, 2014b) which investigated the transformation mechanism of both the Circular Magnetic Field (CMF) and Electric Field (EF) into discrete Electromagnetic Radiation (EM-R) and different aspects related to that transformation/generation and compared it with Maxwell's equations; followed by "Electromagnetic Radiation Energy and Planck' Constant," which investigated the condition and radiation energy behind EM-R and the nature, characteristics and mechanism behind Planck' Constant (h) and speed of light formula (Yousif, 2014a), both papers are based on principles derived from the unknown characteristics of Circular Magnetic Field (CMF) produced by energetic charged particles, facilitated by the Magnetic Interaction (MI) which explained the nature of the magnetic force (Yousif, 2003a), after been confused with electric quantities (Novotny, 2014), and the characteristics of the Spinning Magnetic Field (SMF), Spinning Magnetic Force , and the nuclear force (Yousif, 2003b), as well as the interatomic forces and spectral line of hydrogen atom (Yousif, 2003a), all of which are utilized to further investigate the Photoelectric Effects mechanism, relating it and both the interatomic Magnetic Force ( ) and Electrostatic Force ( ), with a formulated Radiation Magnetic Force ( ), in a structure helped to establish the mathematical origin of Planck' energy formula (hf), as both formulas showed how Magnetic Force ( ) and Radiation Energy ( ) are conveyed or embedded with impinging EM-R to change interatomic forces and energies, they both explained the interatomic magnetic force and energy acquired by photoelectrons, hence a logical interpretation of the photoelectric effects, and the Compton effect (Yousif, Unpublished) and since both effects are obtained using light, X-rays and γ-rays, all of which within EM-R spectrum, a relationship is suggested relating the Excited Force and Energy , the Interatomic Resistance Force ( ) and Energy , (or the work function), the Photoelectric Effect Force ( ) and Energy ( ), as phenomenon of one origin, but differ in range of frequency, force, energy and secondary characteristics. The formulated Radiation Magnetic Force ( ), helped in extending and expanding the hydrogen atomic model (Yousif, 2003a) to all atoms, an example is given for the 19 electrons parameters in Potassium atom, with another providing spectral line of each of the 19 electrons in the Potassium atom.…”