The elemental composition of street dust from large and small urban areas related to city type, source and particle size

Fergusson, J. E.; Ryan, D.E.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(84)90044-5

Cited by 155 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Assuming that most of the particles in the bulk solution were crustally derived, the fine and very fine particles were composed mostly of non-crustal materials, as evidenced by the depletion of the crustal elements (Mn and Fe) and the enrichment of the non-crustal elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb). This size-composition relationship was an extension of the trends observed by others in larger particle size classes (Fergusson and Ryan, 1984;Westerlund and Viklander, 2006).…”

Section: Vacuumed Road Dustmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…While similar work has been conducted in water and stormwater research, the size-fractionation approach has not included very fine particles (d p <1.5 μm) to the same degree. Fergusson and Ryan (1984) investigated size fractionated (33<d p <963 μm) elemental composition for road dust from five cities. Large cities contained predominantly "non-crustal" elements while smaller cities were dominated by crustal contributions but most trace element concentrations increased with decreasing particle size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size dependent elemental composition of road-associated particles

McKenzie

Wong

Green

et al. 2008

Science of The Total Environment

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Stormwater particles often provide transport for metals and other contaminants, however only larger particles are effectively removed by typical best management practices. Fine particles and their associated constituents are more likely to reach receiving waters; this merits further investigation regarding the metal contribution of fine (d p <10 μm) and very fine (d p <1.5 μm) particles. Road associated particles were collected by vacuuming a road surface and by collecting highway stormwater runoff. A cell sorter was employed to sort road associated particles into four size ranges: 0.1-0.3, 0.3-0.5, 0.5-1.0, and 1.0-1.5 μm. These very fine particles, along with six particle size ranges (total range <2-63 μm) separated using a settling column, were analyzed for Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Enrichment factors (EFs), calculated using Al as a basis to represent crustal contributions, were similar for the vacuumed road dust and the stormwater runoff. Fe and Mn were minimally depleted (0.1x) or near Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. unity for all size ranges (Fe EF range 0.01-3.7; Mn EF range 0.02-10.6). Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were moderately (10x) to considerably (>100x) enriched for most size ranges; these metals were most enriched in the very fine fractions (max EF~4900 in Zn, 0.1-0.3 μm). Based on this preliminary study, a cell sorter is an acceptable means of fractionating aqueous particles of diameter 0.1-1.5 μm. In spite of their minimal relative mass contribution, the very fine particles are environmentally relevant due to their mobility and enrichment in potentially toxic metals.. NIH Public Access

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Section: Vacuumed Road Dustmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size dependent elemental composition of road-associated particles

McKenzie

Wong

Green

et al. 2008

Science of The Total Environment

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“…In this regard, smaller particles are of more concern than larger particles because they have relatively high surface area, which facilitates the adsorption of pollutants [14][15]. Since anthropogenic sources contribute more to the smaller particle sizes than natural sources [16], the adverse effects of such particles are more noticeable in urban areas where anthrogenic sources of water pollutants abound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments

Herngren

Goonetilleke

2006

Analytica Chimica Acta

204

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Road-deposited sediments were analysed for heavy metal concentrations at three different landuses (residential, industrial, commercial) in Queensland State, Australia.The sediments were collected using a domestic vacuum cleaner which was proven to be highly efficient in collecting sub-micron particles. Five particle sizes were analysed separately for eight heavy metal elements (Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Al and Mn). At all sites, the maximum concentration of the heavy metals occurred in the 0.45-75 m particle size range, which conventional street cleaning services do not remove efficiently. Multicriteria decision making methods (MCDM), PROMETHEE and GAIA, were employed in the data analysis. PROMETHEE, a non-parametric ranking analysis procedure, was used to rank the metal contents of the sediments sampled at each site. The most polluted site and particle size range were the industrial site and the 0.45-75 m range respectively. Although the industrial site displayed the highest metal concentrations, the highest heavy metal loading coincided with the highest sediment load, which occurred at the commercial site. GAIA, a special form of Principal Component Analysis, was applied to determine correlations between the heavy metals and particle size ranges and also to assess possible correlation with Total Organic Carbon (TOC). The GAIA-planes revealed that irrespective of the site, most of the heavy metals are adsorbed to sediments below 150 m. A weak correlation was found between Zn, Mn and TOC at the commercial site. This could lead to higher bioavailability of these metals through complexation reactions with the organic species in the sediments.

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“…Numerous studies [2,3] have shown that street sediment is composed of a wide range of particle sizes, commonly biased towards coarse material. That said, the descriptive term of street dust is not always appropriate and, as a consequence, road-deposited sediment (RDS) is a more preferable terminology for studies of urban particulate matter (PM) [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of mineral magnetic concentration measurements as a particle size proxy for urban road deposited sediments

Crosby¹,

Booth²,

Worsley³

et al. 2009

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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The application of mineral magnetic concentration parameters (χ LF , χ ARM and SIRM) as a potential particle size proxy for urban road deposited sediment collected from Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, U.K. has been investigated. Correlation analyses between each magnetic parameter and traditional particle size classes (i.e. sand, silt and clay) and respiratory health related size classes (i.e. PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 1.0 ) are reported. Significant relationships (p <0.01; n = 35) exist between clay content and two of the magnetic concentration parameters (χ ARM and SIRM). This is also the same for each PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 1.0 sizes. Of the three magnetic parameters, χ ARM displays the strongest correlation (r = 0.45; p <0.01; n = 35) values and is the most significant parameter, which is consistent with class sizes of each approach. In doing so, these associations indicate mineral magnetic measurements have considerable potential as a particle size proxy for determining urban roadside particulate matter concentrations. Given the speed, low-cost and sensitivity of the measurements, this suggests magnetic techniques could potentially be used as an alternative and/or complementary exploratory technology for pilot particulate pollution investigations. Furthermore, in certain instances, it could be useful for examining linkages between respiratory health and particulate pollution and vehicle emissions.

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The elemental composition of street dust from large and small urban areas related to city type, source and particle size

Cited by 155 publications

References 13 publications

Size dependent elemental composition of road-associated particles

Size dependent elemental composition of road-associated particles

Analysis of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments

Application of mineral magnetic concentration measurements as a particle size proxy for urban road deposited sediments

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