The embrittlement of duplex stainless steel in sulfide-containing 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

Tsai, S. Y.; Yen, Kuo-Yi; Shih, Han C.

doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(97)00135-2

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Based on a detailed study by Newman and Shreir, 30 cathodic poisons can enhance the solubility of hydrogen absorption with an increase in poison concentration to a maximum when a further increase in concentration produces little effect, which is known as the critical concentration. This result was supported by the findings of Tsai, et al, 21 who found that sulfur acted as a cathodic inhibitor in concentrations exceeding the critical concentration of 0.060 M in 3.5% NaCl solution. Based on the findings of Tsai, et al, a concentration of 0.64 M Na 2 S is expected to decrease HE in 3.75 M NaOH, but our earlier work 31 showed that hydrogen effects were greater in alkaline solution with sulfide addition.…”

Section: Crsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…While there has been a modest amount of research on the susceptibility of DSS to HE in acidic, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S)-containing sour gas [16][17][18][19] and near-neutral, sulfide-containing seawater environments, [20][21] there has been limited work 1 in alkaline sulfide environments. Prior work 22 showed that the threshold concentration of hydrogen required for HE of a 23Cr-5Ni-3Mo DSS in 0.1 M NaOH solution under applied cathodic potential was only a few ppm of hydrogen; therefore, even limited hydrogen activity could promote embrittlement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Embrittlement of a Duplex Stainless Steel in Alkaline Sulfide Solution

Chasse¹,

Singh²

2011

CORROSION

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The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) behavior of UNS S31803 (2205) duplex stainless steel (DSS) was evaluated in alkaline sulfide solution (pH 13.3). The cathodic polarization response was evaluated using standard electrochemical techniques. Microhardness was used to measure the change in hardness upon exposure to the solution at select cathodic potentials. The hydrogen microprint technique (HMT) was used to observe the hydrogen distribution on the sample surface. Slow strain rate testing (SSRT) was conducted to determine HE susceptibility under applied potential in the range from -1,500 mV vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) to the corrosion potential (E CORR ). The effect of applied cathodic polarization on the HE susceptibility was assessed as a function of the changes in percent reduction of area (% RA), percent elongation at failure (% el f ), and the time to failure (TTF). The fracture morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results indicate that an increase in the magnitude of the applied cathodic potential enhances the severity of HE below a threshold potential of -1,100 mV SCE . Results show that DSS may become susceptible to HE in alkaline sulfide environments where a high hydrogen fugacity is encountered because of galvanic effects or applied cathodic polarization. KEY WORDS: alkaline sulfide, cathodic polarization, duplex stainless steels, hydrogen embrittlement, slow strain rate testing ISSN 0010-9312 (print), 1938-159X (online) 11/000003/$5.00+$0.50/0 © 2011, NACE International

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Section: Crsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Embrittlement of a Duplex Stainless Steel in Alkaline Sulfide Solution

Chasse¹,

Singh²

2011

CORROSION

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“…Figure 8 shows the Arrhenius plot of the D evaluated in this way. The activation energy for diffusion, ∆E, derived from the slope of this Arrhenius plot, is 40 kJ/mol, which is lower than Monel 400 † (44.7 kJ/mol), 25 Inconel 600 † 43.8 kJ/mol), 21 and the conventional austenitic stainless steels. 26 This is considered to be caused possibly by the influence of ferrite, whose solubility of hydrogen is lower than austenite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The solubility of hydrogen was about 1,000 times greater in austenite than in ferrite, and the diffusivity of hydrogen was much higher in the latter. At any H-charging temperature, the l vs t 1/2 relationship appeared to be linear [21][22] (i.e., l = k [Dt] 1/2 , where k is a constant and D is the apparent diffusivity). The hydrogen diffusion in duplex stainless steel was in series connection form through both ferrite and austenite phases, and the apparent diffusivity is given by:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Embrittlement of SAF 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

Hsu¹,

Tsai²,

Shih³

2002

CORROSION

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The hydrogen embrittlement of SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel during electrolytic hydrogen charging from 25°C to 80°C was examined using slow straining of tensile specimens in acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) containing 10 -3 mol sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2 ) solution. Both ultimate tensile strength and strain at the fracture decreased with the increase of charging time and temperature. A relationship between the effective depth of the brittle layer (l) and the charging time (t) was observed. The activation energy for the diffusion of hydrogen atoms obtained from the temperature dependence of l/t 1/2 was estimated to be ~40 kJ/mol, which is lower than Monel 400 (44.7 kJ/mol) and Inconel 600 (43.8 kJ/mol). Under hydrogen embrittlement, cracks normally initiated at the surface ferrite phase, but often arrested at the phase boundary of the SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel.

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“…Duplex stainless steels with a ferrite/austenite volume ratio of about 1:1 have been recognized as a good corrosionresistant material in various aqueous environments. [1] For this reason, it is often exposed to different and relatively extreme conditions. Because stainless steel are the alloys with many alloying elements, different oxides can form on the surface and these complex oxides may change the mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Depth Profiling of Electrochemically Prepared Thin Oxide Layers on Duplex Stainless Steel

Donik

Kocijan

Mandrino

et al. 2011

Metall Mater Trans B

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The surface oxidation of duplex stainless steel (DSS 2205) was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experiments were performed on the alloy after controlled oxidation in a chloride-enriched solution at controlled potentials. The evolution of the passive film formed on the DSS in a chloride solution was studied using cyclic voltammetry with XPS surface characterization at selected potentials. The evolution of the oxide films and its specific compositions formed on the DSS was studied as a function of depth. Fe/Cr oxidized layers and oxide thicknesses were observed and correlated with the various potentiostatic potentials. The importance of Mo and Cr inside the oxide films in this article is studied and described, whereas their role in the protective layer, as oxides, is significant.

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The embrittlement of duplex stainless steel in sulfide-containing 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Hydrogen Embrittlement of a Duplex Stainless Steel in Alkaline Sulfide Solution

Hydrogen Embrittlement of a Duplex Stainless Steel in Alkaline Sulfide Solution

Hydrogen Embrittlement of SAF 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Depth Profiling of Electrochemically Prepared Thin Oxide Layers on Duplex Stainless Steel

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