The emergence and worldwide spread of the species Trichophyton indotineae causing difficult-to-treat dermatophytosis: A new challenge in the management of dermatophytosis

Chowdhary, Anuradha; Singh, Ashutosh; Kaur, Amtoj; Khurana, Ananta

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010795

Cited by 58 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Dermatology diseases are one of the common health problems that affect 20-25% of the world's population (Chowdhary et al, 2022) [5] , it is a group of fungi that have the ability to attack keratinized tissues of humans and animals such as hair, skin and nails (Faway et al, 2021) [8] , causing superficial fungal infections of the skin known as Dermatophytosis (Al harbi et al, 2022) [4] , and this group includes three genera: Epidermphytin, Trichophyton, Microsporum (Janardhan, 2017) [13] . Because of the importance of dermatophytic fungi and the difficulty of eradicating them, it became necessary to search for therapeutic alternatives, therefore, medicinal plants were used as therapeutic alternatives, which gained wide importance in the treatment of many diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of the growth of the pathogenic fungus Trichophyton rubrum by M. azedarach leaves

Shanshola¹,

Al-Nuaimi²

2023

J. Adv. Microbiol. Res.

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The effect of the alcoholic and aqueous extract of the leaves of M.azedarach plant against the growth of the pathogenic fungus T. rubrum was studied, and the results showed that the alcoholic extract of the leaves of the M.azedarach plant was more efficient than the aqueous extract in inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic fungus T. rubrum, as it completely inhibited the growth of 0.00 cm at concentrations (15-20-25) mg/ml. As for the concentrations (5-10) mg/ml, the average diameter of the colony after an incubation period of 14 days was (4.25-1.25) cm, respectively, while the aqueous extract of the leaves of M.azedarach plant had an effect on the growth of the pathogenic fungus T. rubrum, as the average colony diameter was (6.25-2.25) cm for concentrations (5-10) mg/ml, respectively, after a 14-day incubation period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of the growth of the pathogenic fungus Trichophyton rubrum by M. azedarach leaves

Shanshola¹,

Al-Nuaimi²

2023

J. Adv. Microbiol. Res.

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“…Recently, T. indotineae strains with high terbinafine resistance have spread worldwide. They decrease the effectiveness of oral therapy with this antifungal and cause recalcitrant dermatophytosis [ 9 ]. The ability of dermatophytes to overcome the host’s immunological mechanisms and histological structure is essential for establishing and worsening the severity of the infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activity of Riparin III against Dermatophytes

Silva

Rocha

Silva

et al. 2023

JoF

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The ability of dermatophytes to develop biofilms is possibly involved in therapeutic failure because biofilms impair drug effectiveness in the infected tissues. Research to find new drugs with antibiofilm activity against dermatophytes is crucial. In this way, riparins, a class of alkaloids that contain an amide group, are promising antifungal compounds. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of riparin III (RIP3) against Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, and Nannizzia gypsea strains. We used ciclopirox (CPX) as a positive control. The effects of RIP3 on fungal growth were evaluated by the microdilution technique. The quantification of the biofilm biomass in vitro was assessed by crystal violet, and the biofilm viability was assessed by quantifying the CFU number. The ex vivo model was performed on human nail fragments, which were evaluated by visualization under light microscopy and by quantifying the CFU number (viability). Finally, we evaluated whether RIP3 inhibits sulfite production in T. rubrum. RIP3 inhibited the growth of T. rubrum and M. canis from 128 mg/L and N. gypsea from 256 mg/L. The results showed that RIP3 is a fungicide. Regarding antibiofilm activity, RIP3 inhibited biofilm formation and viability in vitro and ex vivo. Moreover, RIP3 inhibited the secretion of sulfite significantly and was more potent than CPX. In conclusion, the results indicate that RIP3 is a promising antifungal agent against biofilms of dermatophytes and might inhibit sulfite secretion, one relevant virulence factor.

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“…Severity of infections also has a fungal side. In recent years, an alarming increase of therapyrecalcitrant, recurrent and chronic dermatophytoses caused by the novel species Trichophyton indotineae is spreading globally (Singh et al 2018;Burmester et al 2022;Jabet et al 2022;Chowdhary et al 2022). Notably, more than 50% of the T. indotineae strains exhibit high virulence and high terbinafine (TBF) resistance (Ebert et al 2020;Kong et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatophytes and hair: aspects of evolution of Arthrodermataceae

Tang

Zhou

Guillot

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Dermatophytes and other members of Onygenales are unique in their ability to degrade keratin, affecting hair and nails, and in case of human hosts cause infection of the skin. Subtillisins are essential proteases in keratin assimilation, and subtilisin-like protease 1 (SUB1) and SUB3–7 are specific for dermatophytes. eIF2α kinases are serine-threonine kinases that perform essential functions in response to infection, proteotoxicity, and nutrient scavenging. The relatively conserved nature of EIF2AK4 among fungi makes them potential evolutionary markers, which may contribute to a deeper understanding of dermatophyte taxonomy and evolution. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phylogeny of dermatophytes using EIF2AK4 and SUB1 genes, compared to ITS evolution. The EIF2AK4 tree had a similar topology to the SUB1 tree, and both deviated from the ITS gold standard by evolution. Our preliminary findings with a limited dataset suggest that the EIF2AK4 and SUB1 genes provide a reasonably correct reflection of the evolution of Arthrodermataceae. In addition, the study analyzed in vitro keratinolytic responses of 19 dermatophyte species using hairs of a broad selection of mammals as substrates. Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Nannizzia gypsea were the most active in degrading hair, while Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton tonsurans and Epidermophyton floccosum showed low response. Hairs of Hyracoidea and Rodentia were most affected of all mammal hairs, while in contrast, bat hairs were difficult to degrade by nearly all tested dermatophyte species. Zoophilic species showed more activity than anthropophilic dermatophytes, but hair degradation profiles were not diagnostic for particular dermatophyte species.

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The emergence and worldwide spread of the species Trichophyton indotineae causing difficult-to-treat dermatophytosis: A new challenge in the management of dermatophytosis

Cited by 58 publications

References 45 publications

Inhibition of the growth of the pathogenic fungus Trichophyton rubrum by M. azedarach leaves

Inhibition of the growth of the pathogenic fungus Trichophyton rubrum by M. azedarach leaves

Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activity of Riparin III against Dermatophytes

Dermatophytes and hair: aspects of evolution of Arthrodermataceae

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