The emergence of empathy: A developmental neuroscience perspective

Pathways for engaging in prosocial behavior in adolescence

“…Two additional processes related to prosocial behavior that are sensitive to individual differences in adolescence are empathy and norm processing. Empathy refers to the communication of an emotional state from one individual to another and is associated with multiple cooperating brain regions, from mirror neurons to cognitive control (Decety & Holvoet, 2021). A recent literature review outlines evidence that empathy in its basic form develops in childhood through interactions with the environment, with an important role for the family context (Brownell, Svetlova, Anderson, Nichols, & Drummond, 2013).…”

“…A recent literature review outlines evidence that empathy in its basic form develops in childhood through interactions with the environment, with an important role for the family context (Brownell, Svetlova, Anderson, Nichols, & Drummond, 2013). These basic empathic abilities are important building blocks for more complex socio-cognitive processes such as perspective taking, which develop further in adolescence (Decety & Holvoet, 2021;Van der Graaff, Carlo, Crocetti, Koot, & Branje, 2018). Norm processing develops considerably in childhood years, with strong social equity norms around the ages of 8-9-years (Meuwese, Crone, de Rooij, & Guroglu, 2015).…”

Generated art if icial general intelligence --the philosophical principle of artificial general intelligence and give an example

“…My heart is the universe, namely the theory: "Heaven and man in one", which born in ancient chinese philosophy and also is the core view of "Empathy" What have propounded by Wang Yangming, he is an ancient chinese philosopher.the world, including itself, ultimately needs to be perceived by human beings to exist in our conscious thinking.thus, the universe is reflected by human perception into the human heart, namely the nervous system, thus producing the human inner universe.because the human has similar physiological system, including the perceptual system, produces similar psychology to similar stimuli, namely empathy.human beings all have empathy, that is heart of the universe.therefore, the thinking and cognitive structure produced by the generated system of universe should be similarly universal.empathy has been proven by psychologists [24][25][26] .…”

Psychopathic traits modulate functional connectivity during pain perception and perspective-taking in female inmates

“…Developmentally, affective and motivational empathy develop earlier than cognitive empathy (also called perspective taking). These early empathic responses depend on bottom-up processes supported by the aINS, vmPFC, amygdala, and hypothalamus ( Decety and Holvoet, 2021 , Decety and Svetlova, 2012 ). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have consistently found a large overlap between clusters in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anterior insula associated with the first-hand experience of pain and the vicarious experience of pain ( Fallon et al, 2020 , Fan et al, 2011 , Lamm et al, 2011 , Lockwood, 2016 , Shackman et al, 2011 ).…”