The Emergence of Modern Biotechnology in China

Lakhan, Shaheen E

doi:10.28945/3038

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Current laws in China authorize the sterilization of individuals who are genetic carriers of serious medical disorders, including mental illnesses [41]. The Maternal and Infant Healthcare Law of 1995 requires couples to undergo a pre-marital medical examination.…”

Section: Potential For Biomarker Misusementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in psychiatry: drawbacks and potential for misuse

Lakhan¹,

Vieira²,

Hamlat³

2010

Int Arch Med

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For more than 20 years, researchers have attempted to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, major (unipolar) depression, and bipolar disorder. Advocates of this research contend that identifying such biomarkers will aid in the diagnosis of these disorders, as well as the possible development of effective psychiatric medications to treat them. Currently, there are no diagnostic tests available. This is largely due to the multi-factorial nature of psychiatric disorders. Biomarker testing of individuals is also prohibitively expensive because significant expertise is required to conduct tests and follow-up counseling for the patient is often necessary. It is cautioned that widespread biomarker testing could lead to negative consequences such as discrimination in health insurance and employment, as well as selective abortion.

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Section: Potential For Biomarker Misusementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in psychiatry: drawbacks and potential for misuse

Lakhan¹,

Vieira²,

Hamlat³

2010

Int Arch Med

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“…Biotechnology has been an integral element of China's agricultural strategy since the mid-1980s. In an effort to boost agricultural productivity and scientific capacity, the Chinese state has expended the largest public spending program on biotechnology in the developing world and is now in a leading position in advanced biotechnology research outside the industrialized world (Lakhan 2006). Public funding for biotechnology research has steadily risen with every new five-year plan, and biotechnology experts predict another dramatic rise to as much as $1.4 billion for the next five-year plan (Hepeng 2008).…”

Section: Regulatory Convergence In the South? Examining The Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The limits of regulatory convergence: globalization and GMO politics in the south

Falkner

Gupta

2009

Int Environ Agreements

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Is globalization promoting regulatory convergence in agricultural biotechnology policies in the South? This article examines the nature and limits of regulatory convergence in the field of agri-biotechnology and investigates the effects that international forces have on biotechnology and biosafety policies in developing countries. Based on detailed case studies of Mexico, China and South Africa this article shows that these three leading biotechnology countries in the South are exposed to powerful international influences but are responding to the regulatory challenges of genetically modified organisms (GMO) adoption in distinctive ways. The existing regulatory polarization between US and EU biotechnology approaches has not forced a convergence around either of these two international models. GMO policies in the South do not simply follow the binary logic of the US-EU regulatory conflict. Instead, they integrate elements from both regulatory approaches and are steering a course that suggests substantial regulatory diversity in the South. The globalization of biotechnology thus goes hand in hand with regulatory diversity in the developing world. Furthermore, regulatory polarization between the EU and US has helped to open up political space in key developing countries.

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“…China has been under intense scrutiny since the passage of the Maternal and Infant Health Care Law in 1995. Although it prohibits prenatal genetic diagnosis for the purpose of sex selection, it does permit the use of eugenic statutes for the systematic abortion of offspring suspected of having serious medical disorders, including mental illness [ 92 ]. Furthermore, the law authorizes the sterilization of genetic carriers.…”

Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Lakhan

2006

Diagn Pathol

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Over two million Americans are afflicted with schizophrenia, a debilitating mental health disorder with a unique symptomatic and epidemiological profile. Genomics studies have hinted towards candidate schizophrenia susceptibility chromosomal loci and genes. Modern proteomic tools, particularly mass spectrometry and expression scanning, aim to identify both pathogenic-revealing and diagnostically significant biomarkers. Only a few studies on basic proteomics have been conducted for psychiatric disorders relative to the plethora of cancer specific experiments. One such proteomic utility enables the discovery of proteins and biological marker fingerprinting profiling techniques (SELDI-TOF-MS), and then subjects them to tandem mass spectrometric fragmentation and de novo protein sequencing (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) for the accurate identification and characterization of the proteins. Such utilities can explain the pathogenesis of neuro-psychiatric disease, provide more objective testing methods, and further demonstrate a biological basis to mental illness. Although clinical proteomics in schizophrenia have yet to reveal a biomarker with diagnostic specificity, methods that better characterize the disorder using endophenotypes can advance findings. Schizophrenia biomarkers could potentially revolutionize its psychopharmacology, changing it into a more hypothesis and genomic/proteomic-driven science.

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The Emergence of Modern Biotechnology in China

Abstract: Science and technology of Republican

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Biomarkers in psychiatry: drawbacks and potential for misuse

Biomarkers in psychiatry: drawbacks and potential for misuse

The limits of regulatory convergence: globalization and GMO politics in the south

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