The emerging role of adenosine deaminases in insects

Doleželová, Eva; Z̆urovec, Michal; Doležal, Tomáš; Šimek, Petr; Bryant, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.12.009

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Amongst the salivary gene families unique to NW sand flies, the c-type lectin, the mannose-binding lectin, and the spider toxin-like gene families share paralogs expressed in other tissues of sand flies and other unrelated arthropods (Abdeladhim et al, 2016). Similar phenomena were noticed for salivary protein families unique to OW sand flies, such as phospholipase A2 (Tunaz et al, 2003) and pyrophosphatase (Silva et al, 2015), as well as in protein families shared with NW sand flies, like hyaluronidase (Allalouf et al, 1975), endonuclease (Broderick et al, 2014), adenosine deaminase (Dolezelova et al, 2005), and OBPs (Benoit et al, 2017). Hence, such gene families seem to have emerged by sub-functionalization.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Comparative Evolution of Sand Fly Salivary Protein Families and Implications for Biomarkers of Vector Exposure and Salivary Vaccine Candidates

Coutinho-Abreu

Valenzuela

2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Sand fly salivary proteins that produce a specific antibody response in humans and animal reservoirs have been shown to be promising biomarkers of sand fly exposure. Furthermore, immunity to sand fly salivary proteins were shown to protect rodents and non-human primates against Leishmania infection. We are missing critical information regarding the divergence amongst sand fly salivary proteins from different sand fly vectors, a knowledge that will support the search of broad or specific salivary biomarkers of vector exposure and those for vaccines components against leishmaniasis. Here, we compare the molecular evolution of the salivary protein families in New World and Old World sand flies from 14 different sand fly vectors. We found that the protein families unique to OW sand flies are more conserved than those unique to NW sand flies regarding both sequence polymorphisms and copy number variation. In addition, the protein families unique to OW sand flies do not display as many conserved cysteine residues as the one unique to the NW group (28.5% in OW vs. 62.5% in NW). Moreover, the expression of specific protein families is restricted to the salivary glands of unique sand fly taxon. For instance, the ParSP15 family is unique to the Larroussius subgenus whereas phospholipase A2 is only expressed in member of Larroussius and Adlerius subgenera. The SP2.5-like family is only expressed in members of the Phlebotomus and Paraphlebotomus subgenera. The sequences shared between OW and NW sand flies have diverged at similar rates (38.7 and 45.3% amino acid divergence, respectively), yet differences in gene copy number were evident across protein families and sand fly species. Overall, this comparative analysis sheds light on the different modes of sand fly salivary protein family divergence. Also, it informs which protein families are unique and conserved within taxon for the choice of taxon-specific biomarkers of vector exposure, as well as those families more conserved across taxa to be used as pan-specific vaccines for leishmaniasis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Comparative Evolution of Sand Fly Salivary Protein Families and Implications for Biomarkers of Vector Exposure and Salivary Vaccine Candidates

Coutinho-Abreu

Valenzuela

2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…This group belongs to the ADGF/CECR1 family of proteins identified previously in Sarcophaga peregrina, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Drosophila, Aplysia and humans (Dolezelova et al, 2005). This sub-family of ADAs has an extended N-terminus region and is targeted for secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of a salivary adenosine deaminase from the sand fly Phlebotomus duboscqi, the vector of Leishmania major in sub-Saharan Africa

Kato

Jochim

Lawyer

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Two transcripts coding for an adenosine deaminase (ADA) were identified by sequencing a Phlebotomus duboscqi salivary gland cDNA library. Adenosine deaminase was previously reported in the saliva of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis but it was not present in the saliva of the sand flies Phlebotomus papatasi, P. argentipes, P. perniciosus and P. ariasi, suggesting that this enzyme is only present in the saliva of sand flies from the genus Lutzomyia. In the present work, we tested the hypothesis that the salivary gland transcript coding for ADA in Phlebotomus duboscqi, a sister species of Phlebotomus papatasi, produces an active salivary ADA. Salivary gland homogenates of P. duboscqi converted adenosine to inosine, suggesting the presence of ADA activity in the saliva of this species of sand fly; furthermore, this enzymatic activity was significantly reduced when using either salivary glands of recently blood-fed sand flies or punctured salivary glands, suggesting that this enzyme is secreted in the saliva of this insect. This enzymatic activity was absent from the saliva of P. papatasi. In contrast to other Phlebotomus sand flies, we did not find AMP or adenosine in P. duboscqi salivary glands as measured by HPLC-photodiode array. To confirm that the transcript coding for ADA was responsible for the activity observed in the saliva of this sand fly,we cloned this transcript into a prokaryotic expression vector and produced a soluble and active recombinant protein of approximately 60 kDa that was able to convert adenosine to inosine. Extracts of bacteria transformed with control plasmids did not show this activity. These results suggest that P. duboscqi transcripts coding for ADA are responsible for the activity detected in the salivary glands of this sand fly and that P. duboscqiacquired this activity independently from other Phlebotomus sand flies. This is another example of a gene recruitment event in salivary genes of blood-feeding arthropods that may be relevant for blood feeding and,because of the role of ADA in immunity, it may also play a role in parasite transmission.

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“…The steady-state concentration of extracellular adenosine in fly hemolymph (below 3 Â 10 À7 M) is similar to the adenosine concentration in human blood . Elevated adenosine concentrations are cytotoxic for various cells of both insects and mammals (Zurovec et al, 2002;Dolezelova et al, 2005). Adenosine agonists and antagonists were reported to have a modulatory role in the Drosophila sleep and waking cycle (Hendricks et al, 2000), which may be connected to the observed endogenous expression of AdoR in the adult heads (Fig.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%