The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Gene Expression by Nutrients

García-Segura, Laura; Pérez-Andrade, Martha Elva; Miranda-Ríos, Juan

doi:10.1159/000345826

Cited by 89 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…Cells recurrently run into stresses, including oxidative stress in cancer cells, especially in poorly angiogenic core of solid tumours [135, 136], nutrient deprivation [132, 137, 138], cardiac pressure overload [139], DNA damage, and oncogenic stress, resulting mostly from exposure to UV radiation [140–143] and salt imbalance [144]. …”

Section: Mirna-mediated Upregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific Upregulation

Orang

Safaralizadeh

Kazemzadeh

2014

International Journal of Genomics

462

317

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Discovered in 1993, micoRNAs (miRNAs) are now recognized as one of the major regulatory gene families in eukaryotes. To date, 24521 microRNAs have been discovered and there are certainly more to come. It was primarily acknowledged that miRNAs result in gene expression repression at both the level of mRNA stability by conducting mRNA degradation and the level of translation (at initiation and after initiation) by inhibiting protein translation or degrading the polypeptides through binding complementarily to 3′UTR of the target mRNAs. Nevertheless, some studies revealed that miRNAs have the capability of activating gene expression directly or indirectly in respond to different cell types and conditions and in the presence of distinct cofactors. This reversibility in their posttranslational gene regulatory natures enables the bearing cells to rapidly response to different cell conditions and consequently block unnecessary energy wastage or maintain the cell state. This paper provides an overview of the current understandings of the miRNA characteristics including their genes and biogenesis, as well as their mediated downregulation. We also review up-to-date knowledge of miRNA-mediated gene upregulation through highlighting some notable examples and discuss the emerging concepts of their associations with other posttranscriptional gene regulation processes.

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Section: Mirna-mediated Upregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific Upregulation

Orang

Safaralizadeh

Kazemzadeh

2014

International Journal of Genomics

462

317

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“…In particular, as recently reviewed, phytochemicals and nutrients are able to influence the expression of miRNAs, a class of evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs of 19-24 nucleotides that, in turn, regulate gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, suppressing translation and/or reducing the stability of their target mRNAs [42]. Several polyphenols have been shown to modulate miRNAs related to metabolic homeostasis and chronic diseases.…”

Section: Mediterranean Diet Nutrients Phytochemicals and Hormesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Ageing: A Sicilian Perspective

Vasto

Buscemi²,

Barera³

et al. 2014

Gerontology

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Traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a common dietary pattern characterizing a lifestyle and culture proven to contribute to better health and quality of life in Mediterranean countries. By analyzing the diet of centenarians from the Sicani Mountains and eating habits of inhabitants of Palermo, it is reported that a close adherence to MedDiet is observed in the countryside, whereas in big towns this adherence is not so close. This has an effect on the rates of mortality at old age (and reciprocally longevity) that are lower in the countryside than in big towns. Concerning the health effects of the diet, the low content of animal protein and the low glycaemic index of the Sicilian MedDiet might directly modulate the insulin/IGF-1 and the mTOR pathways, known to be involved in ageing and longevity. In particular, the reduction of animal protein intake may significantly reduce serum IGF-1 concentrations and inhibit mTOR activity with a down-regulation of the signal that leads to the activation of FOXO3A and, consequently, to the transcription of homeostatic genes that favour longevity. The down-regulation of both IGF-1 and mTORC1 also induces an anti-inflammatory effect. In addition to the effects on sensing pathways, many single components of MedDiet are known to have positive effects on health, reducing inflammation, optimizing cholesterol and other important risk factors of age-related diseases. However, a key role is played by polyphenols represented in high amount in the Sicilian MedDiet (in particular in extra virgin olive oil) that can work as hormetins that provide an environmental chemical signature regulating stress resistance pathways such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.

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“…A limitation of the current study may be represented by a limited sample size [39]. A randomized control study involving a larger group of participants could be suggested as it would be able to control for potentially confounding factor(s) that could interfere during the feeding periods.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily Hazelnut Intake Exerts Multiple Reversible Effects on Plasma Profile of Healthy Subjects

Santi¹,

Giorni²,

Terenzi³

et al. 2017

FNS

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Life sciences such as medical, nutritional, and those related to agrarian biotechnologies are experiencing a constant increase. Therefore, food consumption is today related to health state. Aiming to create an innovative spinneret system that defines the tight correlation between high nutritional and nutraceutical value of foods and their beneficial effects on consumer's health state, we tested the effects related to the administration of 40 g of the Tonda Gentile Romana Italian hazelnut cultivar (Viterbo, Italy). To this end, we enrolled 24 subjects for a period of 14 weeks, based on a crossover design. Although several papers and reviews on hazelnut intake benefits are available, few studies have investigated the effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma key parameters commonly used to ascertain the individual's well-being status. The primary endpoint of the trial was to assess LDL change related to hazelnut administration, which resulted in significant beneficial effects on cholesterol parameters (LDL dropped from 133.09 mg/dl to 119.18 mg/dl). Interestingly, despite within the normal ranges, uric acid and serum creatinine mean values significantly decreased after hazelnut intake. A significant increment was also observed for ALT (from 30.9 U/L to 35.22 U/L, P = 0.01), while GGT significantly decreased from 38.04 mg/dl at T0 to 35.27 mg/dl at T1 (P = 0.001). No significant changes were also observed in azotemia, serum iron, glycemia, AST, total bilirubin, Hb, WBCs, RBCs, platelet count, and total plasma proteins. All the blood parameters analyzed appeared to be reversible after 6 weeks from the end of the treatment. Mann-Whitney U test did not show any 634significant differences in T0 -T1 Δ% LDL considering gender, age and baseline LDL. These findings may be of help in the development of strategies for personalized nutrition and diseases management.

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The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Gene Expression by Nutrients

Cited by 89 publications

References 157 publications

Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific Upregulation

Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific Upregulation

Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Ageing: A Sicilian Perspective

Daily Hazelnut Intake Exerts Multiple Reversible Effects on Plasma Profile of Healthy Subjects

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