High-glycemic-index diets, as well as a sedentary lifestyle are considered as determinant factors for the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases in humans. These diets have been shown to shorten the life span of C. elegans in a manner that is dependent on insulin signaling, but the participation of other signaling pathways have not been addressed. In this study, we have determined that worms fed with high-glucose diets show alterations in glucose content and uptake, triglyceride content, body size, number of eggs laid, egg-laying defects, and signs of oxidative stress and accelerated aging. Additionally, we analyzed the participation of different key regulators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and longevity such as SKN-1/NRF2, HIF-1/HIF1α, SBP-1/SREBP, CRH-1/CREB, CEP-1/p53, and DAF-16/FOXO, in the reduction of lifespan in glucose-fed worms.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of evolutionarily conserved, small non-coding RNAs of 19-24 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression mostly at the posttranscriptional level. They are known to be involved in the control of different processes such as cell cycling, programmed cell death, cell differentiation, tumor development, metastasis, and sensing of nutrient stress. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the changes in miRNA expression that are caused by diets with a deficiency or augmented intake of nutrients such as amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, and phytochemicals. As diet is known to influence the expression of miRNAs, miRNA profiling has the potential to be useful in the assessment of nutritional status in dietary intervention studies. Additionally, as it can change miRNA expression, diet may be used as a therapeutic agent to treat many different diseases. Also, we explored here some ideas on therapeutics based on the manipulation of miRNA expression levels for dietary-derived diseases as well as the putative effect of food-derived miRNAs on host gene expression.

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CH was present in 1:2,426 NB, with a female predominance (2:1); an ectopic thyroid was the most common finding, and its prominent clinical features were umbilical hernia and jaundice.