“…Numerous studies have explored caring behaviors of nurses using self‐report measures (LiLi, Hong, Xian, & Qi, ); some have included comparative studies of caring behaviors by nurses and their first‐line managers (Peng, Liu, & Zeng, ), and by nurses and patients (Goh & Vehviläinen‐Julkunen, ; Papastavrou, Efstathiou, & Tsangari, ). Other factors explored that influence work performance or caring behaviors include resilience and self‐confidence (RNAO, ; Koen, Van Eeden, & Wissing, ), conscientiousness (Judge, ), and emotional intelligence (Harper & Jones‐Schenk, ; McQueen, ). Except for job involvement and work performance, there are limited previous studies exploring the influence of characteristics, such as values, personality, job involvement, and empathy, in relation to work performance and caring behaviors (Katrinli, Atabay, Gunay, & Guneri, ; Rafferty & Lindell, ; Roud, Giddings, & Koziol‐Mclain, ; Schwirian, ).…”