The empirical relationships between M s, m b and M L for China and vicinity

Abstract

Data from 753 earthquakes are used to determine a relationship between surface-wave magnitude (Ms) and bodywave magnitude (rob), and from 541 earthquakes to determine a relationship between surface-wave magnitude (Ms) and local magnitude (ML) for China and vicinity: Ms= 0.9883 rob-0.0420, Ms=0.9919 ML-0.1773. The relationship ofM s versus m b is obtained for 292 events occurred in the Chinese mainland in the time period from 1964 to 1996, 291 events occurred in Taiwan in the time period from 1964 to 1995 and 170 events occurred in the surrounding area. Standard deviation of the fitting is 0.445. Relationship ofM s versus M L is obtained for 36 events occurred in the Chinese mainland, 293 events occurred in Taiwan, China and 212 events occurred in the surrounding area. The total amount is 541 events. Standard deviation of the fitting is 0.4673.The uncertainties of the converted M s in different magnitude intervals can be estimated using complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF). In the relationship of M s versus mb, taking +0.25 as a range of uncertainties, in magnitude interval m b 4.0-4.9, the probabilities for the converted M s taken value less than (Ms-0.25) and more than (Ms+0.25) are 17% and 27% respectively. Similarly, we have probabilities for m b 5.0-5.9 are 34% and 20% and that for m b 6.0-6.9 are 11% and 47%.In the relationship of M s versus ML, if the range of uncertainties is still taken as +0.25, the corresponding probabilities for magnitude interval ML 4.0-4.9 are 22% and 38%, for M L 5.0-5.9 are 20% and 15% and for magnitude interval M L 6.0-6.9, are 15% and 29%, respectively.The relationships developed in this paper can be used for the conversion of one magnitude scale into another magnitude scales conveniently. The estimation of uncertainties described in this paper is more accurate and more objective than the usual estimation expressed by deviation. The estimations described in this paper indicate various dispersions in different magnitude intervals of original data. The estimations of uncertainties described by probabilities can be well connected with the total estimations of uncertainties in seismic hazard assessment.

Minimal flavor violation, seesaw mechanism, andRparity

“…[42] as a particularly clean channel in which to look for supersymmetric effect at the LHC. Similarly, the presence of the ∆B = 1 couplings may be felt in top-quark production [43] or decay [44], which are also tuned by the dominant λ ′′ 312 coupling.…”

Infrared studies of hole-plasmon excitations in heavily-doped p-type MBE-grown GaAs:C

“…Recently, a number of growth techniques, including metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition, [1][2][3] metallo-organic vapor phase epitaxy, [4][5][6][7] chemical beam epitaxy, 8 and molecular-beam epitaxy ͑MBE͒, 3,[9][10][11][12][13] have made it possible to achieve carbondoped thin-film fabrication with hole concentrations as high as 1.5ϫ10 21 cm Ϫ3 . 12 C-doped GaAs has been shown to have advantages over Be-doped and Zn-doped GaAs for applications in devices requiring pϩϩ GaAs layers.…”

Chemical constituents from Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao with inhibitory activity against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus

“…12 The chemical constituents of Chirita are mainly phenylethanoid glycosides, flavonoids and quinones. [13][14][15][16][17] Our group conducted a phytochemical research on the stems of the plant, which led to the isolation of seven compounds (1-7) including two new quinones (1 and 2) and the new neolignan (3) (Figure 1). All of the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against PRRSV.…”