The endocannabinoid system, eating behavior and energy homeostasis: The end or a new beginning?

Bermúdez‐Silva, Francisco Javier; Viveros, María-Paz; McPartland, John M.; Fonseca, Fernando Rodrı́guez de

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2010.03.012

Cited by 152 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Th e activation of ECS has been found to promote energy storage (Bermudez-Silva et al 2010;Quarta et al 2010;Bermudez-Silva et al 2012). Physiologically, ECS is activated in response to stressful stimuli helping the aff ected tissues to restore their steady state (Pagotto et al 2006).…”

Section: Role Of the Endocannabinoid Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central and peripheral control of food intake

Abdalla

2017

Endocrine Regulations

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Th e maintenance of the body weight at a stable level is a major determinant in keeping the higher animals and mammals survive. Th e body weight depends on the balance between the energy intake and energy expenditure. Increased food intake over the energy expenditure of prolonged time period results in an obesity. Th e obesity has become an important worldwide health problem, even at low levels. Th e obesity has an evil eff ect on the health and is associated with a shorter life expectancy. A complex of central and peripheral physiological signals is involved in the control of the food intake. Centrally, the food intake is controlled by the hypothalamus, the brainstem, and endocannabinoids and peripherally by the satiety and adiposity signals. Comprehension of the signals that control food intake and energy balance may open a new therapeutic approaches directed against the obesity and its associated complications, as is the insulin resistance and others. In conclusion, the present review summarizes the current knowledge about the complex system of the peripheral and central regulatory mechanisms of food intake and their potential therapeutic implications in the treatment of obesity. Th e maintenance of the body weight at a stable level is a major determinant in keeping the higher animals and mammals survive (Jequier and Tappy 1999). As a compensatory mechanism, hunger increases and energy expenditure decreases the weight loss. However, opposite responses are triggered when body weight increases. Body weight can change only when energy intake is not equal to energy expenditure over a given period of time (Bray et al. 2012). A complex physiological control system is involved in the maintenance of the energy balance. Th is system includes aff erent signals from the periphery about the state of the energy stores and eff erent signals that affect the energy intake and expenditure (Sandoval et al. 2008). Th is regulatory system is formed by multiple interactions between the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), adipose tissue, and the central nervous system (CNS). It is infl uenced by behavioral, sensorial, autonomic, nutritional, and endocrine mechanisms (Boguszewski et al. 2010). Satiety and adiposity signalsTh e food intake control includes a short-term regulation, which determines the beginning and the end of a meal (hunger and satiation) and the interval between the meals (satiety) and a long-term regulation with factors (signals of adiposity), which help to regulate the body energy depots (Cummings and Overduin 2007).Th e satiation means a suppression of the hunger and termination of the food intake aft er ingestion of Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/11/18 9:54 AM

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Section: Role Of the Endocannabinoid Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central and peripheral control of food intake

Abdalla

2017

Endocrine Regulations

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“…Elucidation of the relative contribution of peripheral vs CNS circuits in the metabolic changes induced by CB1 receptor antagonists is currently under intense research and recent articles point to an important role for peripheral tissues (Nogueiras et al 2008). In fact, because of the adverse side effects found in the clinical use of Rimonabant (a CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier) for the management of obesity complications, peripheral-restricted CB1 antagonists are becoming a hottopic in the search for new drugs against obesity-related diseases (Bermudez-Silva et al 2010). Indeed, some of these new kinds of drugs have recently shown promising results in animal studies (Tam et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A role for the putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 in the islets of Langerhans

Romero-Zerbo¹,

Rafacho²,

Díaz-Arteaga³

et al. 2011

Journal of Endocrinology

105

100

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The cannabinoid CB1 receptor is a well-known player in energy homeostasis and its specific antagonism has been used in clinical practice for the treatment of obesity. The G protein-coupled receptor GPR55 has been recently proposed as a new cannabinoid receptor and, by contrast, its pharmacology is still enigmatic and its physiological role is largely unexplored, with no reports investigating its putative role in metabolism. Thus, we aim to investigate in rats the presence, distribution and putative physiological role of GPR55 in a key metabolic tissue, the endocrine pancreas. We found high Gpr55 mRNA content in pancreatic islets and considerable protein distribution in insulin-secreting b-cells. Activation of GPR55 by the agonist O-1602 increased calcium transients (P!0 . 01) and insulin secretion (P!0 . 001) stimulated by glucose. This latter effect was blunted in Gpr55 KO mice suggesting that O-1602 is acting, at least in part, through GPR55. Indeed, acute in vivo experiments showed that GPR55 activation increases glucose tolerance (P!0 . 05) and plasma insulin levels (P!0 . 05), suggesting an in vivo physiological relevance of GPR55 systemic stimulation. Taken together, these results reveal the expression of GPR55 receptors in the endocrine pancreas as well as its function at stimulus-secretion coupling of insulin secretion, suggesting a role in glucose homeostasis. In this context, it may also represent a new target for consideration in the management of type 2 diabetes and related diseases.

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“…Although the Food and Drug Administration never approved this drug, the European Medicine Agency did and Acomplia ® (the commercial name of rimonabant) was in the market for approximately 2 years. Despite the weight loss and improved cardiometabolic profile observed in obese patients, the drug had to be removed from the market due to its undesirable central side effects [96]. More recently, Sativex ® (the combination of THC and CBD) has been marketed in Canada and European countries like the United Kingdom and Spain for the treatment of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis, and it is currently in phase III clinical development for the treatment of cancer pain.…”

Section: Therapeutic Use Of Cannabinoid Drugs In Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of endocannabinoids in the control of eating disorders

Milano¹,

Tecce²,

Capasso³

2017

Dis Disord

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Eating Disorder (ED) is a syndrome characterized by persistent alteration of eating behavior and the conditions that cause an insufficient ingestion and/or adsorption of foods. There are three different ED diseases: Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorders (BED). ED are complex conditions that arise from a combination of long-standing behavioral, emotional, psychological, interpersonal, and social factors. The neuronal circuits that control the ingestion of food are mainly related to catecholaminergic, serotoninergic and peptidergic systems. In this respect, while serotonin, dopamine and prostaglandin promote the ingestion of food, by contrast, neuropeptide Y, norepinephrine, GABA and opioid peptides inhibit food ingestion thus causing the occurrence of ED. The drugs mainly used in the treatment of ED are antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressant. Additionally, mood stabilizers (lithium), anxiolytics, serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors and antipsychotic drugs are often used in the treatment of ED.Several studies indicate that the endocannabinoid system is involved in ED supporting the idea that the cannabinoid signaling system is a key modulatory element in the activity in the brain area associated with ED.

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The endocannabinoid system, eating behavior and energy homeostasis: The end or a new beginning?

Cited by 152 publications

References 82 publications

Central and peripheral control of food intake

Central and peripheral control of food intake

A role for the putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 in the islets of Langerhans

The role of endocannabinoids in the control of eating disorders

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