The endogenous langur type D retrovirus PO-1-Lu and its exogenous counterparts in macaque and langur monkeys

Sommerfelt, Maja A.; Harkestad, Nina; Hunter, Eric

doi:10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00548-8

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The detection of SRV DNA in Vero cells reflected the presence of endogenous SRV DNA in the germ line of African green monkeys, from which this cell line was derived. SRV is thought to be a highly prevalent infection of old-world monkeys and endogenized at multiple copies in the genomes of many nonhuman primate species (23,30,35). The removal of SRV nucleic acid from the Rotateq vaccine by DNase indicated that it was present as naked DNA released from Vero cells.…”

Section: Vol 84 2010 Adventitious Virus In Live-attenuated Vaccine mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Nucleic Acids in Live-Attenuated Vaccines: Detection of Minority Variants and an Adventitious Virus

Victoria

Wang²,

Jones

et al. 2010

J Virol

306

218

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Metagenomics and a panmicrobial microarray were used to examine eight live-attenuated viral vaccines. Viral nucleic acids in trivalent oral poliovirus (OPV), rubella, measles, yellow fever, varicella-zoster, multivalent measles/mumps/rubella, and two rotavirus live vaccines were partially purified, randomly amplified, and pyrosequenced. Over half a million sequence reads were generated covering from 20 to 99% of the attenuated viral genomes at depths reaching up to 8,000 reads per nucleotides. Mutations and minority variants, relative to vaccine strains, not known to affect attenuation were detected in OPV, mumps virus, and varicella-zoster virus. The anticipated detection of endogenous retroviral sequences from the producer avian and primate cells was confirmed. Avian leukosis virus (ALV), previously shown to be noninfectious for humans, was present as RNA in viral particles, while simian retrovirus (SRV) was present as genetically defective DNA. Rotarix, an orally administered rotavirus vaccine, contained porcine circovirus-1 (PCV1), a highly prevalent nonpathogenic pig virus, which has not been shown to be infectious in humans. Hybridization of vaccine nucleic acids to a panmicrobial microarray confirmed the presence of endogenous retroviral and PCV1 nucleic acids. Deep sequencing and microarrays can therefore detect attenuated virus sequence changes, minority variants, and adventitious viruses and help maintain the current safety record of live-attenuated viral vaccines.

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Section: Vol 84 2010 Adventitious Virus In Live-attenuated Vaccine mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Nucleic Acids in Live-Attenuated Vaccines: Detection of Minority Variants and an Adventitious Virus

Victoria

Wang²,

Jones

et al. 2010

J Virol

306

218

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“…The exogenous provirus PO‐1‐Lu was first isolated by Benveniste and Todaro from the Colobinae monkey Trachypithecus obscurus (Benveniste & Todaro, ; Todaro et al, ). Exogenous SRVs similar in sequence to PO‐1‐Lu were later isolated from another Colobinae monkey, S. entellus , and classified as SRV‐6 (Nandi et al, ; Sommerfelt, Harkestad, & Hunter, ). A phylogenetic analysis using partial nucleotide sequences of SRV‐6 and PO‐1‐Lu showed that they formed a cluster that was distinct from that formed by the other SRVs and SERVs (Sommerfelt et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exogenous SRVs similar in sequence to PO‐1‐Lu were later isolated from another Colobinae monkey, S. entellus , and classified as SRV‐6 (Nandi et al, ; Sommerfelt, Harkestad, & Hunter, ). A phylogenetic analysis using partial nucleotide sequences of SRV‐6 and PO‐1‐Lu showed that they formed a cluster that was distinct from that formed by the other SRVs and SERVs (Sommerfelt et al, ). However, further studies for SRV‐6 and PO‐1‐Lu have not been conducted, and hence the presence of SERV‐like sequences in the other Colobinae monkey genomes has remained unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive phylogenomic analysis reveals a novel cluster of simian endogenous retroviral sequences in Colobinae monkeys

Ikeda

Satomura

Sekizuka

et al. 2018

American J Primatol

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Simian retrovirus (SRV) is a type-D betaretrovirus infectious to the Old World monkeys causing a variety of symptoms. SRVs are also present in the Old World monkey genomes as endogenous forms, which are referred to as Simian endogenous retroviruses (SERVs). Although many SERV sequences have been identified in Cercopithecinae genomes, with potential of encoding all functional genes, the distribution of SERVs in genomes and evolutionary relationship between exogeneous SRVs and SERVs remains unclear. In this study, we comprehensively investigated seven draft genome sequences of the Old World monkeys, and identified a novel cluster of SERVs in the two Rhinopithecus (R. roxellana and R. bieti) genomes, which belong to the Colobinae subfamily. The Rhinopithecus genomes harbored higher copy numbers of SERVs than the Cercopithecinae genomes. A reconstructed phylogenetic tree showed that the Colobinae SERVs formed a distinct cluster from SRVs and Cercopithecinae SERVs, and more closely related to exogenous SRVs than Cercopithecinae SERVs. Three radical amino acid substitutions specific to Cercopithecinae SERVs, which potentially affect the infectious ability of SERVs, were also identified in the proviral envelope protein. In addition, we found many integration events of SERVs were genus- or species-specific, suggesting the recent activity of SERVs in the Old World monkey genomes. The results suggest that SERVs in Cercopithecinae and Colobinae monkeys were endogenized after the divergence of subfamilies and do not transmit across subfamilies. Our findings also support the hypothesis that Colobinae SERVs are direct ancestors of SRV-6, which has a different origin from the other exogenous SRVs. These findings shed novel insight into the evolutionary history of SERVs, and may help to understand the process of endogenization of SRVs.

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“…A recent report [19] showed remarkable amino acid sequence similarity of SU region (gp70) env gene of the endogenous retrovirus, Po-1-lu isolated from a Malaysian spectacled langur (Trachepithecus obscurus) with SRV-6, from the Indian langurs. The authors suggested that Po-1-lu is probably the progenitor of SRV-6 but we show that SRV-6 sequences form a separate, well supported monophyletic cluster distinct from Po-1-Lu (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conducting a search for conserved domain, these regions were shown to have significant homology with conserved domains of viral coat envelope proteins [18]. The endogenous retrovirus (Po-1-Lu) from Malaysian langur (Trachepithecus obscurus) was also similar to SRV-6 in the SU region [19]. However endogenous retrovirus (SERV) from baboons, possum (TvERV), type C and type D chimeric baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) and other endogenous retrovirus sequences were very different from SRV-6 in the SU region (Fig.…”

Section: Sequence Similarity In Pol and Env Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Simian β Retroviruses from Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) and Langurs (Semnopithecus Entellus) from Rajasthan, India

Nandi

Dooren

Chhangani³

et al. 2006

Virus Genes

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Natural infection of feral Indian rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by a new simian beta retrovirus, provisionally called simian retrovirus-7 (SRV-7) is described. The virus is capable of in vitro replication in primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and B and T cell lines. We have earlier reported a novel SRV, SRV-6 from Indian langurs (Semnopithecus entellus). Additional sequence analyses from gp20 transmembrane (TM) env genes of SRV-6 and SRV-7 place them in a separate cluster, related to but distinct from known exogenous SRVs and also close to the simian endogenous beta retrovirus, (SERV) from African baboon. Phylogenetic analyses of pol gene of SRV-7 place it closer to SERV when the stop codons of the SERV genes are removed. On the other hand, additional sequence data from gp70, surface glycoprotein (SU) region of the env gene of SRV-6 suggest it is more closely related to known exogenous SRVs, (SRV-1 to 3). It is also related to the endogenous langur virus, Po-1-Lu. We hypothesize that SRV-6 and SRV-7 probably originated from a progenitor exogenous SRV which recombined with an endogenous SERV in the TM env and pol genes during evolution, based on the phylogenetic analyses.

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The endogenous langur type D retrovirus PO-1-Lu and its exogenous counterparts in macaque and langur monkeys

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Viral Nucleic Acids in Live-Attenuated Vaccines: Detection of Minority Variants and an Adventitious Virus

Viral Nucleic Acids in Live-Attenuated Vaccines: Detection of Minority Variants and an Adventitious Virus

Comprehensive phylogenomic analysis reveals a novel cluster of simian endogenous retroviral sequences in Colobinae monkeys

New Simian β Retroviruses from Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) and Langurs (Semnopithecus Entellus) from Rajasthan, India

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