The Energy Balance of Soybean Oil Biodiesel Production: A Review of Past Studies

Pradhan, Anup; Shrestha, Dev; Gerpen, Jon Van; Duffield, James A.

doi:10.13031/2013.24203

Cited by 77 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…This study is different from the previous ones that examined biofuel production systems, such as Shapouri et al [23], Kim and Dale [59], Hill et al [70], and Pradhan et al [71], in that not only did it analyze ethanol production from NEV and CCB perspectives but also explicitly accounted for the effects of variability in cultivar, irrigation level, planting date, and soil type using a modeling approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Crop Management Effects on the Energy and Carbon Balances of Maize Stover-Based Ethanol Production

Woli

Paz

2014

Energies

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This study was conducted to identify the crop management options-the combinations of various cultivars, irrigation amounts, planting dates, and soils-that would maximize the energy sustainability and eco-friendliness of maize (Zea mays L.) stover-based ethanol production systems in the Mississippi Delta. Stover yields simulated with CERES-Maize were used to compute net energy value (NEV) and carbon credit balance (CCB), the indicators of sustainability and eco-friendliness of ethanol production, respectively, for various scenarios. As the results showed, deeper soils with higher water holding capacities had larger NEV and CCB values. Both NEV and CCB had sigmoid relationships with irrigation amount and planting date and could be maximized by planting the crop during the optimum planting window. Stover yield had positive effects on NEV and CCB, whereas travel distance had negative. The influence of stover yield was larger than that of travel distance, indicating that increasing feedstock yields should be emphasized over reducing travel distance. The NEV and CCB values indicated that stover-based ethanol production in the Mississippi Delta is sustainable and environmentally friendly. The study demonstrated that the energy sustainability and eco-friendliness of maize stover-based ethanol production could be increased with alternative crop management options.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Crop Management Effects on the Energy and Carbon Balances of Maize Stover-Based Ethanol Production

Woli

Paz

2014

Energies

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“…The former showed an average EROI of 24:1 while the latter had an average EROI of 12:1, a difference some attributed to how process analysis involve a greater degree of subjective decisions [14]. The differences in capacity factors and from omitting the untraceable energy needs of labor and business services required [23,24] would seem to account for the variation. These results are comparable to the method presented here only as studies of business-scale energy use for which there are no industry group studies.…”

Section: Background On Eroi For Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 98%

System Energy Assessment (SEA), Defining a Standard Measure of EROI for Energy Businesses as Whole Systems

Henshaw

King²,

Zarnikau

2011

Sustainability

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A more objective method for measuring the energy needs of businesses, System Energy Assessment (SEA), measures the combined impacts of material supply chains and service supply chains, to assess businesses as whole self-managing net-energy systems. The method is demonstrated using a model Wind Farm, and defines a physical measure of their energy productivity for society (EROI-S), a ratio of total energy delivered to total energy expended. Energy use records for technology and proxy measures for clearly understood but not individually recorded energy uses for services are combined for a whole system estimate of consumption required for production. Current methods count only energy needs for technology. Business services outsource their own energy needs to operate, leaving no traceable record. That uncounted business energy demand is often 80% of the total, an amount of "dark energy" hidden from view, discovered by finding the average energy estimated needs for businesses far below the world average energy consumed per dollar of GDP. Presently for lack of information the energy needs of business services are counted to be "0". Our default assumption is to treat them as "average". The result is a hard measure of total business demand for energy services, a "Scope 4" energy use or GHG impact assessment. Counting recorded energy uses and discounting unrecorded ones misrepresents labor intensive work as highly energy efficient. The result confirms a similar finding by Hall et al. in 1981 [1]. We use exhaustive search for what a business needs to operate as a whole, tracing internal business relationships rather than energy data, to locate its natural physical boundary as a working unit, and so define a business as a physical rather than statistical subject of scientific study. See also online resource materials and notes [2].

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“…However, the contradictory results were mainly due to differences in the proportion of energy allocated to biodiesel and its meal coproduct. All models except Pimentel reported a positive NER (Pradhan et al 2008). NER (net energy ratio) is defined as the total energy produced by the system divided by the total energy consumed by the system (Spath & Mann 2000).…”

Section: Soybean As Biofuel Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean Opportunity as Source of New Energy in Indonesia

Adie

Krisnawati

2014

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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These last few years, the name of soybeans soared as a source of biodiesel. Soy biodiesel is an alternative fuel produced from soybean oil. Soybean potential as an alternative renewable energy source because it is expected to have the highest energy content compared to other alternative fuels. Opportunities to develop biodiesel using soybean oil in Indonesia is quite large, considering the soybean is a commodity that is already known and widely cultivated almost in all over Indonesia. In addition, the use of soybean for biofuel feedstock is expected to motivate farmers to cultivate soybeans, so their use is not limited to non-energy raw materials. Soybean varieties that have a high oil content as well as high yield is a source of major biodiesel feedstock. From 73 soybean varieties that have been released in Indonesia, has an average oil content of 18%. Varieties with high oil content can be used as raw material for biodiesel. Research on the use of soy as an ingredient of energy crops (biodiesel) have been carried out. In fact, soybean oil is the vegetable oil feedstock for most of the biodiesel being produced in the United States today. With the potential for soybean crops in Indonesia, both in terms of availability of land and varieties, the use of soybean oil for biofuel development in Indonesia is the flagship prospective materials for bio fuel substitute than other plants in the future.

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The Energy Balance of Soybean Oil Biodiesel Production: A Review of Past Studies

Cited by 77 publications

References 0 publications

Crop Management Effects on the Energy and Carbon Balances of Maize Stover-Based Ethanol Production

Crop Management Effects on the Energy and Carbon Balances of Maize Stover-Based Ethanol Production

System Energy Assessment (SEA), Defining a Standard Measure of EROI for Energy Businesses as Whole Systems

Soybean Opportunity as Source of New Energy in Indonesia

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