The energy–climate challenge: Recent trends in CO2 emissions from fuel combustion

Microporous metal-organic framework with potential for carbon dioxide capture at ambient conditions

“…These emissions are mainly generated from the combustion of coal, oil and natural gas, the main energy resources for our daily life, economic growth and industrial development 2 . Before we realize the cleaner alternative energy and establish the energy infrastructure for the implementation of new materials and technologies in the future, CO 2 emissions will continue to increase; it is thus very important and mandatory for us to capture and separate CO 2 to minimize their environmental impact.…”

“…The emerging porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising as the cost-effective and efficient materials for CO 2 capture and separation [5][6][7][8][9][10] . The regeneration energy cost to utilize these porous materials for CO 2 capture by the implementation of temperature swing adsorption, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and vacuum swing adsorption is significantly lower than the abovementioned alkanolamine technology.…”

“…The regeneration energy cost to utilize these porous materials for CO 2 capture by the implementation of temperature swing adsorption, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and vacuum swing adsorption is significantly lower than the abovementioned alkanolamine technology. More importantly, the rapid development over the past decade in this research field to target some porous MOFs for their extremely high uptake of CO 2 at high pressure 11,12 and to immobilize functional sites, such as open metal sites [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] , -NH 2 and -OH organic sites into the pore surfaces to enhance their interactions and thus enforce their efficient CO 2 separation selectivity have principally ensured the feasibility of porous MOFs for CO 2 capture [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] .…”

“…Neutron diffraction studies reveal that both suitable pore/cage space and the terminal water molecules have enabled their strong interactions with CO 2 molecules, and thus collaboratively enforced the high separation selectivity and capacity of this MOF material for CO 2 capture and separation at ambient conditions. 2 and Zn 5 (BTA) 6 (TDA) 2 ) and open Yb(III) sites (Yb(BPT)), those with functional -OH sites on the pore surfaces (UTSA-15a, UTSA-25a and Cu(BDC-OH)) and one with the terminal water molecules (UTSA-16) 39 . Their structural features, pore characteristics and adsorption isotherms are shown in Supplementary Table S1 and Supplementary Figs S1 and S2.…”

“…Table S2 provides the structural data and pore characteristics for these chosen MOFs. The measured experimental data on pure component isotherms for CO 2 ,CH 4 and N 2 at 273 and 296 K in our synthesized MOFs, and those literature data of temperature-dependent single component CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 sorption isotherms for the chosen MOFs were first converted to absolute loadings, using the Peng-Robinson equation of state for estimation of the fluid densities. Depending on the guest-host combination, the choice of the isotherm is either a 1-site Langmuir or a 2-site Langmuir, or a 2-site Langmuir-Freundlich model.…”