The enigmatic roles of Anelloviridae and Redondoviridae in humans

Taylo, Louis J; Keeler, Emma L.; Bushman, Frederic D.; Collman, Ronald G.

doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101248

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Despite the frequent occurrence of these viral families, they did not reveal a significantly different relative abundance (RA) between healthy controls and HS patients ( n=38 , Mann-Whitney U, Adj≥P0.05; Extended Data Figure 4B; Supplementary Table 3). A noteworthy observation from our study was that anelloviruses, for which the host cells and biological function in the human body are still unknown [39], were exclusively detected in skin samples of HS patients. In addition, the detected totiviruses were predicted to infect the fungi Malassezia , which typically exist as a commensal on human skin surfaces [40].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients Exhibit a Distinctive and Highly Individualized Skin Virome

Jansen,

Bens,

Wagemans

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by recurring painful skin lesions. Despite ongoing research, the exact cause underlying the initiation and progression of disease remains unknown. While prior research has linked the skin microbiota to HS pathology, the role of viruses has remained unexplored. To investigate the skin virota, metagenomic sequencing of viral particles was performed on 144 skin samples from 57 individuals (39 HS patients and 18 controls). It was found that the virome is not only linked to BMI, but also to the presence and severity of HS, marking a diverging viral profile in the progression of disease. Despite no differences in alpha-diversity, HS patients exhibited a significantly higher beta-diversity compared to healthy controls, indicating a more personalized virome with reduced viral sharing among patients. We identified distinct groups of commonly shared phages, referred to as the core phageome, associated with either healthy controls or patients. Healthy controls displayed a higher abundance of two coreCaudoviricetesphages predicted to infectCorynebacteriumandStaphylococcus, comprising normal skin commensals. In contrast, HS patients carried previously uncharacterized phages that were more prevalent in advanced stages of the disease, which likely infectPeptoniphilusandFinegoldia, known HS-associated pathogens. Interestingly, genes involved in superinfection exclusion and antibiotic resistance could be found in phage genomes of healthy controls and HS patients, respectively. In conclusion, we report the existence of distinct core phages that may have clinical relevance in HS pathology by influencing skin bacteria through mechanisms such as superinfection exclusion and antibiotic resistance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients Exhibit a Distinctive and Highly Individualized Skin Virome

Jansen,

Bens,

Wagemans

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Anellovirus relative abundance and alphatorquevirus absolute abundance measured by qPCR were inversely associated with plasma CD4 counts. Anelloviruses are prevalent in healthy adult humans and are not known to be pathogenic 49 . Interestingly, numerous studies have associated anellovirus loads with immune suppression, including in people living with HIV 44,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58] and in organ transplant recipients 49,59 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal cervicovaginal microbiome and virome alterations during ART and discordant shedding in women living with HIV

Kaelin,

Mitchell,

Soria

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Despite successful suppression of plasma HIV replication by antiretroviral therapy (ART), some women living with HIV (WLHIV) can still experience genital HIV shedding (discordant shedding). Female genital tract (FGT) microbiome and virome dynamics during long-term ART in WLHIV are poorly understood but might contribute to discordant HIV shedding, as the microbiome and virome are known to influence FGT health. To understand FGT microbial communities over time during ART usage and discordant shedding, we characterized the microbiome and virome in 125 cervicovaginal specimens collected over two years in 31 WLHIV in Lima, Peru. Intrapersonal bacterial microbiome variation was higher in HIV shedders compared to non-shedders. Cervicovaginal virome composition changed over time, particularly in non-shedders. Specifically, anellovirus relative abundance was inversely associated with ART duration and CD4 counts. Our results suggest that discordant HIV shedding is associated with FGT microbiome instability, and immune recovery during ART influences FGT virome composition.

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“…Anellovirus were found in 100 % of serum pools and 25.9 % of the CSF pools. The presence of anellovirus is not surprising, as they infect most children before the age of 1 year and establish chronic infections that can be detected in the blood of healthy individuals [37][38][39]. Anelloviridae infections can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations as well as asymptomatic infections in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-sequencing-based detection of human viral pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from children with meningitis and encephalitis

Fan

Tian

et al. 2023

Microbial Genomics

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Encephalitis and meningitis are notable global public health concerns, especially among infants or children. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has greatly advanced our understanding of the viruses responsible for these diseases. However, the detection rate of the aetiology remains low. We conducted RNA sequencing and virome analysis on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples commonly used in the clinical diagnosis to detect viral pathogens. In total, 226 paired CSF and serum samples from 113 children with encephalitis and meningitis were enrolled. The results showed that the diversity of viruses was higher in CSF, with a total of 12 viral taxa detected, including one case each of herpesvirus, coronavirus and enterovirus, and six cases of adenovirus related to human diseases. In contrast, the Anelloviridae was the most abundant viral family detected in serum, and only a few samples contained human viral pathogens, including one case of enterovirus and two cases of adenovirus. The detection rate for human viral pathogens increases to 10.6 %(12/113) when both types of samples are used simultaneously, compared to CSF along 7.9 % (9/113) or serum alone 2.6 % (3/113). However, we did not detect these viruses simultaneously in paired samples from the same case. These results suggest that CSF samples still have irreplaceable advantages for using mNGS to detect viruses in patients with meningitis and encephalitis, and serum can supplement to improve the detection rate of viral encephalitis and meningitis. The findings of this study could help improve the etiological diagnosis, clinical management and prognosis of patients with meningitis and encephalitis in children.

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The enigmatic roles of Anelloviridae and Redondoviridae in humans

Cited by 27 publications

References 124 publications

Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients Exhibit a Distinctive and Highly Individualized Skin Virome

Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients Exhibit a Distinctive and Highly Individualized Skin Virome

Longitudinal cervicovaginal microbiome and virome alterations during ART and discordant shedding in women living with HIV

RNA-sequencing-based detection of human viral pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from children with meningitis and encephalitis

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