The ENT manifestations of HIV infection in children

Abstract

This study identified the ENT symptoms of 66 HIV infected children over an 8 year period (1986-1993) at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. The incidence, nature and age of onset of ENT symptoms were investigated; 91% of the children had ENT symptoms, the most common being cervical lymphadenopathy, oro-oesophageal candidiasis and otitis media. The HIV infected children suffered from the common ENT diseases of childhood. They also presented with specific conditions such as diffuse parotid swelling. Therefore, their clinical features differed from HIV infected adults as well as non-infected children. An increasing incidence of paediatric HIV infection was demonstrated by the study. Most were due to vertical transmission. ENT surgeons are likely to see more HIV infected children in future, either with the usual ENT diseases of childhood (to which they seem more susceptible) or with HIV-specific conditions. Although the diagnosis of HIV may be known, the ENT condition could be the initial presentation suggestive of immunodeficiency.

Otorhinolaryngological findings and hearing in HIV-positive and HIV-negative children in a developing country

“…Chronic otorrhea affected one-quarter of the HIV children, especially those aged under 2 years. Previous studies from developed and developing countries confirm the association between HIV and chronic otitis [1][2][3][4][14][15][16][17][18], CSOM being categorized as a mild symptom of HIV [13]. Even though our control children also exhibited a relatively high CSOM prevalence, the presence of chronic ear discharge, especially bilateral, appeared strongly suggestive of HIV positivity.…”

“…Previous studies on HIVpositive children have mainly detected hypertrophy of the adenotonsillar tissue [5,15]; one study reported adenoidal atrophy [19]. However, a series from Spain showed the adenotonsillar tissue to initially enlarge, but to significantly diminish as the disease progressed [20].…”

“…Although HIV positivity in children is increasing in developing countries, only a few reports, including one small prospective and comparative study, exist on ORL findings in these children (Table 4) [2,3,14,15].…”

Changing Trends of HIV/AIDS in Otorhinolaryngology with CD4 + Count Correlation

“…A higher incidence was reported in studies done in paediatric population Hadfield et al (91 %) [13] and Michael A Williams et al (80 %) [14].…”

Saúde auditiva, o vírus da imunodeficiência humana e a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida: uma revisão

“…As investigações iniciais deste tema abordavam uma larga gama de problemas otorrinolaringoló-gicos ou neurológicos que envolveriam também a audição, e foi levantado o argumento que doenças otoneurológicas poderiam ser um indicador precoce da existência de uma imunodeficiência [39][40][41] . Resumindo, os 36 trabalhos encontrados descritos acima podem ser subdivididos em quatro categorias temáticas: vulnerabilidade à AIDS na população com deficiência auditiva, AIDS/HIV como fatores de risco para patologias auditivas, tipo de patologias observadas na população de portadores de AIDS ou HIV e avaliação audiológica dessa população.…”