The enteroinsular axis during hospitalization in newborn foals

Rings, Lindsey M.; Kamr, Ahmed; Kinsella, Hannah M; Hostnik, Laura D.; Swink, Jacob M.; Burns, T.A.; Christie, Katherine; David, Julia; Toribio, Ramiro E.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106686

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Low insulin concentrations in septic foals are likely a response to hypoglycemia; however, in foals with hyperglycemia, low insulin values should be considered inadequate. 35 These foals usually are unable to regulate glycemia and may require insulin therapy. This is also an indication of disease severity that often results in death.…”

Section: Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 Information on the EIA in sick foals is minimal. A study 35 showed that septic foals have high GLP-1 and GLP-2, but low-insulin concentrations, despite normo-to hyperglycemia, suggesting a disconnect between the intestine (incretins) and insulin secretion (β-cells), potentially leading to glucose intolerance in critically ill foals (e.g., hyperglycemia). Plasma GIP concentrations were lower in septic foals compared to healthy foals and followed a pattern similar to insulin.…”

Section: The Enteroinsular Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma GIP concentrations were lower in septic foals compared to healthy foals and followed a pattern similar to insulin. 35 Based on this information, it has been proposed that different mechanisms may contribute to reduced insulin secretion in critically ill foals. 35…”

Section: The Enteroinsular Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 Based on this information, it has been proposed that different mechanisms may contribute to reduced insulin secretion in critically ill foals. 35…”

Section: The Enteroinsular Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32,34 Insulin resistance, characterized by normo-or hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia, occurs in critically ill foals, although is uncommon. 35 Most septic foals have low insulin concentrations. 32,34,35 In persistently hyperglycemic foals, insulin replacement therapy to restore normoglycemia should be considered.…”

Section: Insulin Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy endocrine physiology, pathophysiology, and nutrition of the foal

Kinsella

Hostnik

Toribio

2022

javma

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Most homeostatic systems in the equine neonate should be functional during the transition from intra- to extrauterine life to ensure survival during this critical period. Endocrine maturation in the equine fetus occurs at different stages, with a majority taking place a few days prior to parturition and continuing after birth. Cortisol and thyroid hormones are good examples of endocrine and tissue interdependency. Cortisol promotes skeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, thyroid gland, adrenomedullary, and pancreatic differentiation. Thyroid hormones are essential for cardiovascular, respiratory, neurologic, skeletal, adrenal, and pancreatic function. Hormonal imbalances at crucial stages of development or in response to disease can be detrimental to the newborn foal. Other endocrine factors, including growth hormone, glucagon, catecholamines, ghrelin, adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), and incretins, are equally important in energy homeostasis. This review provides information specific to nutrition and endocrine systems involved in energy homeostasis in foals, enhancing our understanding of equine neonatal physiology and pathophysiology and our ability to interpret clinical and laboratory findings, therefore improving therapies and prognosis.

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Section: Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Enteroinsular Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Enteroinsular Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 Based on this information, it has been proposed that different mechanisms may contribute to reduced insulin secretion in critically ill foals. 35…”

Section: The Enteroinsular Axismentioning

confidence: 99%