The envelope following analysis of a buck converter with closed loop control

Gheorghe, Alexandru Gabriel; Constantinescu, Florin; Marin, Mihai Eugen; Nitescu, M.

doi:10.1109/iseee.2013.6674359

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In this case, a slow‐fast system must be simulated which may be time‐consuming, as a small simulation step (in the order of nanoseconds) must be used to capture the inductor current dynamics, but the thermal transients can last up to minutes. The envelope‐following method 54‐56 permits a sensible reduction of the simulation times.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Performing a whole SMPS simulation to evaluate the cost function for a given vector x can be time-consuming, due to the slow-fast nature of the SMPS (see Figure 10). The envelope following method [54][55][56] is a suitable simulation strategy for slow-fast circuits. The inductor voltage measurements are not required, as the simulator takes in input the SMPS operating conditions, but the whole SMPS model must be accurate to obtain a reliable inductor current prediction.…”

Section: Current-based Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear models of power inductors: A survey

Oliveri

Lodi

Storace

2021

Circuit Theory & Apps

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Summary Switch‐mode power supplies (SMPSs) are widely exploited to interface electrical energy sources to motors and other electrical loads. Inductors are usually the biggest and heaviest components in SMPSs, limiting their overall power density. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in designing SMPSs with partially saturating inductors, because this significantly reduces their weight and size, thus increasing power density. This paper provides a review of nonlinear behavioral models (based on easy‐to‐measure quantities) of the inductance, power loss, and temperature rise of inductors working, at least partially, in magnetic saturation. This survey discusses the pros, cons, and ranges of validity of these models, with a glimpse at their application to SMPS simulation, design, monitoring, and control.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current-based Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear models of power inductors: A survey

Oliveri

Lodi

Storace

2021

Circuit Theory & Apps

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“…Liu et al [5] introduced a method that exploits the parallelism in the EF method and parallelize the Newton update solving part to boost the simulation performance. In [6] quadratic and exponential approximations of the envelope are used in EF simulation. However, only fixed-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) converters are targeted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust and Efficient Transistor-Level Envelope-Following Analysis of PWM/PFM/PSM DC-DC Converters

Lai

2016

IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst.

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The envelope-following (EF) simulation of practical dc-dc converters is challenging due to the presence of digital behavior, strong nonlinearity, complex frequency module schemes, and feedback loops. This paper presents a novel EF method for time-domain analysis of dc-dc converters-based upon a numerically robust time-delayed phase condition to track the envelopes of circuit states under a varying switching frequency. We further develop an EF technique that is applicable to both fixed and varying switching frequency operations, thereby providing a unifying solution to converters with pulse width modulation, pulse frequency modulation, and pulse skipping modulation. By adopting three fast simulation techniques, our proposed EF method achieves higher speedup without composing the accuracy of the results. The robustness and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated using several dc-dc converter and oscillator circuits modeled using the industrial standard BSIM4 transistor models. A significant runtime speedup of up to 30X with respect to the conventional transient analysis is achieved for several dc-dc converters with strong nonlinear switching characteristics.

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A unifying and robust method for efficient envelope-following simulation of PWM/PFM DC-DC converters

Wang¹,

Lai²

2014

2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)

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The envelope-following (EF) simulation of practical DC-DC converters is challenging due to the presence of digital behavior, strong nonlinearity, complex frequency module schemes and feedback loops. This paper presents a novel EF method for time-domain analysis of DC-DC converters based upon a numerically robust time-delayed phase condition to track the envelopes oaf circuit states under a varying switching frequency. We further develop an EF technique that is applicable to both fixed and varying switching frequency operations, thereby providing a unifying solution to converters with pulse-width modulation (PWM) and/or pulsefrequency modulation (PFM). The robustness and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated using several DC-DC converter and oscillator circuits modeled using the industrial standard BSIM4 transistor models. A significant runtime speedup of 30× with respect to the conventional transient analysis is achieved for PFM DC-DC converters with strong nonlinear switching characteristics.

show abstract

The envelope following analysis of a buck converter with closed loop control

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Nonlinear models of power inductors: A survey

Nonlinear models of power inductors: A survey

Robust and Efficient Transistor-Level Envelope-Following Analysis of PWM/PFM/PSM DC-DC Converters

A unifying and robust method for efficient envelope-following simulation of PWM/PFM DC-DC converters

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