The environmental performance of enhanced metal recovery from dry municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash

Mehr, Jonas; Haupt, Mélanie; Skutan, Stefan; Adrianto, Lugas Raka; Weibel, Gisela; Hellweg, Stefanie

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.001

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Apart from wet-based bottom ash discharge and treatment, another modern technology operating with dry discharge and subsequent enhanced dry metal recovery exists in Switzerland. Recent publications focus on this technology (Blatter et al, 2014; Mehr et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this composition bottom ash is predestined for metal recovery, which is demanded by the Swiss Waste Ordinance (Swiss Confederation, 2016). Recovering metals from bottom ash is both economically and ecologically beneficial (Allegrini et al, 2014, 2015; Bunge, 2018; Haupt et al, 2018; Mehr et al, 2020). However, after metal recovery the residual bottom ash is removed from the material cycle and disposed of on specific landfills (Type D).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of enhanced metal recovery on the recycling potential of MSWI bottom ash fractions in various legal frameworks

2021

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In recent years, complex new bottom ash treatment processes for enhanced metal recovery have been implemented in Switzerland, producing residual bottom ash fractions with various qualities. This study focusses on three different treatment processes by characterizing all arising fractions in detail. Thereby the factors influencing the composition of these fractions are identified and their recycling potential in Switzerland is investigated. However, high legislative requirements on total contents of heavy metals represent a high barrier for bottom ash recycling in Switzerland. Therefore, the recycling potential is further evaluated based on the waste legislation applied in the Netherlands, where recycling of bottom ash has a long tradition. There, threshold values for bottom ash recycling are based on leachate concentrations and not on total contents as in Switzerland. However, Swiss Waste Legislation also knows threshold values based on leachate concentrations for certain waste materials. The leaching tests applied in these two countries, however, are different. The comparison of both leaching tests reveals that the setup and conditions, especially the considered pH range, significantly influence the leaching of heavy metals. With emphasis on problematic pollutants, the possibilities for new applications of these fractions are evaluated based on Swiss and Dutch legal threshold values. The comparison within the legal frameworks of these two countries allows recognizing opportunities and risks related to bottom ash recycling.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of enhanced metal recovery on the recycling potential of MSWI bottom ash fractions in various legal frameworks

2021

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“…For packaging metals, which are either iron or aluminum based, the latter received much more attention than the prior. This may have to do with the already high efficiency and thus little losses of iron through magnetic separation, if compared to aluminum (Allegrini et al, 2014;Huber, 2020;Mehr et al, 2021). The latter is basically lost in two ways of oxidation (thermal oxidation during incineration, or oxidation by wheathering in the IBA treatment), or due to low sorting efficiencies.…”

Section: Recovery Of Recycling Materials From Waste Incineration Bott...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biganzoli et al (2014) estimated a loss of 54-63% during incineration. Allegrini et al (2014) stated personally communicated losses in metal smelt-ing of between 19-34%, depending on the grain size, while Mehr et al (2021) reported 14%. Iron is mainly lost in the treatment only, and oxidation seems to be in a lower range (Mehr et al, 2021).…”

Section: Recovery Of Recycling Materials From Waste Incineration Bott...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allegrini et al (2014) stated personally communicated losses in metal smelt-ing of between 19-34%, depending on the grain size, while Mehr et al (2021) reported 14%. Iron is mainly lost in the treatment only, and oxidation seems to be in a lower range (Mehr et al, 2021). The reason for that is that aluminum packaging occurs much more as flexible packaging with thin layers, making it more exposed to temperature Biganzoli et al, 2014;Gökelma et al, 2021).…”

Section: Recovery Of Recycling Materials From Waste Incineration Bott...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Recent Trends to Increase the Share of Post-Consumer Packaging Waste to Recycling in Europe

et al. 2022

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Through the Circular Economy Package, the EU aims to reduce material imports and environmental impacts of waste management. Ambitious recycling targets should help to achieve these objectives. As a response, the waste industry developed technical and organizational solutions that can intervene at different stages of a waste management system in order to increase the recovery of recycling materials, starting with improved separate collection over the use of modern material recovery facilities up to the enhanced treatment of waste incineration ashes. The large question is how each of these options can contribute to increase recycling rates to achieve a circular economy. By reviewing case studies as presented in the most recent literature published since the year 2010 from European countries on the recycling of post-consumer packaging waste of glass, metals, paper, and plastics, this study contributes to answer this question. In the first stage, the review found 644 articles matching with the search terms and published since the year 2010. Of these, 46 remained for an in-depth analysis, since 319 did not present case studies as defined in the scope of this article. The articles reviewed provide a good overview on the state of knowledge on increasing recycling of post-consumer packaging waste by improved separate collection, material recovery facilities, and waste incineration bottom ash treatment. Additional information and case studies, however, are required, particularly large-scale experiments to test new separate collection systems, large-scale with different feedstock material at the most-modern material recovery facilities and waste incineration bottom ash treatment plants.

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Towards Formulation of AlSi10Mg Alloy from Incinerator Bottom Ash

et al. 2022

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The environmental performance of enhanced metal recovery from dry municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of enhanced metal recovery on the recycling potential of MSWI bottom ash fractions in various legal frameworks

Effects of enhanced metal recovery on the recycling potential of MSWI bottom ash fractions in various legal frameworks

A Review of Recent Trends to Increase the Share of Post-Consumer Packaging Waste to Recycling in Europe

Towards Formulation of AlSi10Mg Alloy from Incinerator Bottom Ash

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