The enzymatic poly(gallic acid) reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro, a potential application in inflammatory diseases

Zamudio-Cuevas, Yessica; Andonegui-Elguera, Marco A.; Aparicio-Juárez, Ariadna; Aguillón-Solís, Edson; Martínez-Flores, Karina; Ruvalcaba-Paredes, Erika Karina; Velasquillo‐Martínez, Cristina; Ibarra, Clemente; Martínez-López, Valentín; Gutiérrez, Marwin; García-Arrazola, Roeb; Hernández-Valencia, Carmen G; Romero-Montero, Alejandra; Hernández-Valdepeña, Miguel A.; Gimeno, Miquel; Sánchez-Sánchez, Roberto

doi:10.1007/s10753-020-01319-5

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The effect of polygallic acid, enzymatically produced from gallic acid on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNFα and IL-1β was evaluated in human monocytes exposed to PMA. A substantial decrease in the production of all three cytokines under study was observed on treatment with polygallic acid ( Zamudio-Cuevas et al, 2020 ). This suggests that gallic acid can be used as an immunosuppressive adjuvant, to selectively suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines thus targeting the cytokine release syndrome observed in SARS-CoV-2 patients without negatively affecting the ability of the host to produce interferons.…”

Section: Natural Immunosuppressant Agents- Adjuvants To Target the Cymentioning

confidence: 93%

Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis, with no specific antiviral to treat the infection and the absence of a suitable vaccine to prevent it. While some individuals contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a well coordinated immune response and recover, others display a dysfunctional immune response leading to serious complications including ARDS, sepsis, MOF; associated with morbidity and mortality. Studies revealed that in patients with a dysfunctional immune response, there is a massive cytokine and chemokine release, referred to as the ‘cytokine storm’. As a result, such patients exhibit higher levels of pro-inflammatory/modulatory cytokines and chemokines like TNFα, INFγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCSF, HGF and chemokines CXCL8, MCP1, IP10, MIP1α and MIP1β. Targeting this cytokine storm is a novel, promising treatment strategy to alleviate this excess influx of cytokines observed at the site of infection and their subsequent disastrous consequences. Natural immunosuppressant compounds, derived from plant sources like curcumin, luteolin, piperine, resveratrol are known to inhibit the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This inhibitory effect is mediated by altering signal pathways like NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK that are involved in the production and release of cytokines and chemokines. The use of these natural immunosuppressants as adjuvants to ameliorate the cytokine storm; in combination with antiviral agents and other treatment drugs currently in use presents a novel, synergistic approach for the treatment and effective cure of COVID-19. This review briefly describes the immunopathogenesis of the cytokine storm observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection and details some natural immunosuppressants that can be used as adjuvants in treating COVID-19 disease.

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Section: Natural Immunosuppressant Agents- Adjuvants To Target the Cymentioning

confidence: 93%

Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…Secondary plant metabolites seem to be able to change an inflammatory state toward more tolerogenic conditions, such as certain phenolic acids that can modulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( 100 ). Moreover, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that occur not only in plants but also in eggs and fish have shown beneficial effects on inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as RA, SLE, multiple sclerosis and diabetes type-1 ( 101 , 102 ).…”

Section: Discussion Of Existing and Potential New Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgG subclass and Fc glycosylation shifts are linked to the transition from pre- to inflammatory autoimmune conditions

2022

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A crucial factor for the development of inflammatory autoimmune diseases is the occurrence of antibodies directed against self-tissues and structures, which leads to damage and inflammation. While little is known about the cause of the development of mis-directed, disease-specific T and B cells and resulting IgG autoantibody responses, there is increasing evidence that their induction can occur years before disease symptoms appear. However, a certain proportion of healthy individuals express specific IgG autoantibodies without disease symptoms and not all subjects who generate autoantibodies may develop disease symptoms. Thus, the development of inflammatory autoimmune diseases seems to involve two steps. Increasing evidence suggests that harmless self-directed T and B cell and resulting IgG autoantibody responses in the pre-autoimmune disease stage might switch to more inflammatory T and B cell and IgG autoantibody responses that trigger the inflammatory autoimmune disease stage. Here, we summarize findings on the transition from the pre-disease to the disease stage and vice versa, e.g. by pregnancy and treatment, with a focus on low-/anti-inflammatory versus pro-inflammatory IgG autoantibody responses, including IgG subclass and Fc glycosylation features. Characterization of biomarkers that identify the transition from the pre-disease to the disease stage might facilitate recognition of the ideal time point of treatment initiation and the development of therapeutic strategies for re-directing inflammatory autoimmune conditions.

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“…GA is a phenolic acid that efficiently prevents wound fibrosis owing to its strong free-radical scavenging ability. Moreover, GA can regulate collagen secretion to improve re-epithelisation in chronic wounds [ 10 , 11 ]. Therefore, GA is considered a promising candidate for keloid prophylaxis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Treatment of Keloid Scars via Modulating Heterogeneous Gelatin-Structured Composite Microneedles to Control Transdermal Dual-Drug Release

et al. 2022

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Keloid scarring is an abnormal scar disease characterised by excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and over-deposition of collagen during wound healing. Although various treatments for keloid scars have been developed, preventive medicine is believed to be a promising strategy. The skin barrier limits the gentle topical administration of medicaments such as creams and hydrogel dressings, resulting in reduced therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, microneedles (MNs) have been regarded as an appreciable device for topical administration without inducing side effects, and they are painless and do not cause bleeding. In this study, an MN patch with controlled transdermal dual-drug release was developed to achieve combinatory treatment of keloid scars using a heterogeneous gelatin-structured composite MN. Gelatin hydrogel was used as a substrate to load gallic acid (GA) and quercetin-loaded amphiphilic gelatin nanoparticles to fabricate dual-drug heterogeneous composite MNs. The results of the insertion test and mechanical properties of the MNs showed that the heterogeneous composite MN patches could be self-pressed into the stratum corneum and control dual-drug release at different time periods. GA was released at an earlier stage to retard the proliferation of fibroblasts, and quercetin was released at a later stage as a strong antioxidant to erase the generation of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction data indicated that the gene expression of fibroblasts (such as Col I and III) was downregulated in the dual-drug system. The above results demonstrate that using heterogeneous composite MNs with the combination of dual-drug pharmacology is beneficial for preventing keloid scar formation.

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The enzymatic poly(gallic acid) reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro, a potential application in inflammatory diseases

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19

Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19

IgG subclass and Fc glycosylation shifts are linked to the transition from pre- to inflammatory autoimmune conditions

The Treatment of Keloid Scars via Modulating Heterogeneous Gelatin-Structured Composite Microneedles to Control Transdermal Dual-Drug Release

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