The Eocene Hieroglyphic Beds of the Silesian Nappe in the Western Polish Carpathians – their development and foraminiferal record

Abstract

The sed i men ta tion of Hi ero glyphic Beds of the Silesian Nappe took place from the Early Eocene up to Late Eocene within the Carpathian Silesian Ba sin. These beds are dom i nated by thin-bed ded flysch con tain ing -at var i ous strati graphic po si tionsthick sand stone-free com plexes with var ie gated shales or ben ton ite laminae de vel oped dur ing a lim ited sup ply of ma te rial from the land. Their vari abil ity and bound ary se quences are pre sented. In gen eral, their lithological het er o ge ne ity is connected by the ra tio of sand stones and shales, thick ness of lay ers and oc cur rence of dif fer ent type of shales. The Hi ero glyphic Beds are un der lain by the Ciê¿kowice Sand stone or di rectly by the Istebna Beds and over lain by the Globigerina Marls or directly by the Menilite Beds. In the Ypresian, dur ing the sed i men ta tion of Hi ero glyphic Beds, foraminiferal as so ci a tions with nu mer ous small-sized Trochammina de vel oped in the Silesian Ba sin af ter the PETM cri sis. Since the Lutetian, more di verse as so ci a tions oc curred in slightly more fa vour able con di tions, with Reticulophragmium amplectens (Grzybowski), Dolgenia latus (Grzybowski), and Reticulophragmium gerochi Neagu et al., which pre ferred cool wa ters, and are in dex fos sils for stratig ra phy. The Hi ero glyphic Beds de vel oped dur ing a pe riod of grad u ally cool ing global cli mate. The grad ual de crease in temper a ture stim u lated the trans fer of spe cies. The thermophilous forms, whose op ti mum de vel op ment took place in the Late Cre ta ceous-Paleocene, dis ap pear dur ing Lower and Mid dle Eocene and new spe cies that pre ferred cold bo real wa ters com monly oc cur in Middle and Late Ecocene. A pro found re struc tur ing of foraminiferal as sem blages took place in the Priabonian, when mas sive num bers of cal car e ous ben thic and plank tonic forms were de pos ited.

Foraminiferal stratigraphy and palaeobathymetry of Paleocene-lowermost Oligocene deposits (Vezhany and Monastyrets nappes, Ukrainian Carpathians)

“…The foraminiferal zonations of the Ukrai nian Carpathians (Maslakova, 1955;Mjatliuk, 1970;Ivanik and Maslun, 1977;Gruzman and Dabagyan, 1979;Andreyeva-Grigorovich et al, 1985;Hnylko and Hnylko, 2011, 2012, 2013 in ac cor dance with the zonations of Geroch and Nowak (1984), Olszewska (1997), Berggren et al (1995) and Bugrova (2005) is ap plied here. In for ma tion about strati graphic ranges of taxa is also de rived from other work (Darakchieva, 1999;Olsson et al, 1999;Kaminski and Gradstein, 2005;Pearson et al, 2006;Waoekowska-Oliwa, 2005Waoekowska, , 2015Golonka and Waoekowska, 2012 Thin-and me dium-bed ded grey sand stones, green ish-grey mudstones and marls of the lower mem ber are ex posed at the be gin ning of the sec tion (sam ple 7036) and ex tend 120 m down (sam ples 7036-1, 7036-2 and 7036-3) along the Metova Stream.The Bouma di vi sions are not ob served. The lower bound ary of the Metova For ma tion is not ex posed.…”

“…Zone and the Saccamminoides carpathicus Zone (af ter Olszewska, 1997; see also Waoekowska-Oliwa, 2005; of the Pol ish Carpathians as well as to the «Glomospira-Ammodiscus» Zone of the Slovakian Carpathians (Fusán, 1983). Abun dant Glomospira oc cur in the Lower Eocene de pos its of the Pol ish Carpathians (Olszewska, 1997;Waoekowska, 2015 with ref er ences therein).…”

Agglutinated Foraminiferal Acmes and Their Role in the Biostratigraphy of the Campanian–Eocene Outer Carpathians

“…Relatively abundant C. excelsa in the Magura Nappe was described: in Upper Creta-ceous deposits [21,22,25,44], in the Paleocene deposits by [27,44,49], and in Campanian-Maastrichtian and Maastrichtian-lower Paleocene deposits [22,23,43]. It was noticed in the Silesian Nappe [28,[55][56][57][58] and in other Western Outer Carpathian areas [30,52], significant amounts were the basis for distinguishing the C. excelsa-R. inclusa beds [57]. In the Eastern Outer Carpathians, the relatively abundant occurrence of C. excelsa is known from the Paleocene [45,46], as well as from the uppermost Cretaceous of the Boreal realm [38].…”

Modelowanie 1D procesów generowania węglowodorów z warstw istebniańskich w profilu odwiertu nawiercającego utwory jednostki śląskiej

“…W czasie środkowego i późnego eocenu miała miejsce naprzemienna sedymentacja zielonoszarych łupków i cienko warstwowanych piaskowców, wyróżnianych jako warstwy hieroglifowe. Ku górze przechodzą one w zielone łupki, a następnie margle globigerynowe (Waśkowska, 2015). Jedynie w południowej części jednostki śląskiej górny eocen wykształcony jest w postaci piaskowców gruboławicowych.…”