The Epidemiology and Biostatistics of Pneumococcus

Oligbu, Godwin; Fry, Norman K.; Ladhani, Shamez

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9199-0_18

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Among all bacterial respiratory pathogens, S. pneumoniae ( S.pn ) is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia (more than 35%), the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections, is involved in more than 1.189 million deaths per year ( , 2018 ). Infections with this pathogen account for an extremely large proportion of overall worldwide disease burden and are the most frequent cause of pediatric hospitalizations ( Rudan et al., 2008 ; Cilloniz et al., 2016 ; Oligbu et al., 2019 ). Pneumonia patient outcomes are not only dependent on inflammatory damage severity, but also on the intensity and nature of the host immune response ( Quinton et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and SCFAs Play Key Roles in QingFei Yin Recipe Anti-Streptococcal Pneumonia Effects

Sun

Wang

Wei

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Emerging evidence has revealed the presence in animals of a bidirectional regulatory “lung-gut axis” that provides resistance to respiratory infections. Clues to the existence of this system stem from observations that respiratory infections are often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, whereby intestinal microbiota appear to play pivotal roles in combating pathogenic infections. Importantly, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota appear to serve as the biological link between host immune defenses and gut flora. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pn), the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections, is involved in more than 1.189 million deaths per year. QingFei Yin (QFY) is known for its excellent therapeutic efficacy in combating bacterial lung infections. In this study, effects of S.pn infection on gut homeostasis were assessed using 16S RNA-based microbiota community profiling analysis. In addition, potential mechanisms underlying QFY recipe beneficial therapeutic effects against bacterial pneumonia were explored using S.pn-infected gut microbiota-depleted mice. Results of data analysis indicated that QFY treatment alleviated lung infection-associated pathogenic processes, while also promoting repair of disordered gut flora and counteracting S.pn infection-associated decreases in levels of SCFAs, particularly of acetate and butyrate. Mechanistically, QFY treatment suppressed inflammatory lung injury through inhibition of the host NF-κB-NLRP3 pathway. These results inspired us to identify precise QFY targets and mechanisms underlying QFY anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, we conducted an in-depth evaluation of QFY as a potential treatment for bacterial pneumonia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and SCFAs Play Key Roles in QingFei Yin Recipe Anti-Streptococcal Pneumonia Effects

Sun

Wang

Wei

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The epidemiology of S. pneumoniae invasive infections, including pneumonia, continues to shift due to routine immunization of children and adults with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Serotype and antimicrobial resistance pattern replacements continue to emphasize that pneumococcal pneumonia is a significant burden to global health (Oligbu et al, 2019). For example, in the US, it is estimated that 150,000 adult hospitalizations occur every year (CDC, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tedizolid activity against a multicentre worldwide collection of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from patients with pneumonia (2017–2019)

Carvalhaes

Sader

Rhomberg

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The antimicrobial activity of tedizolid and comparators was evaluated against a large worldwide collection of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered from patients with pneumonia. Methods: Clinical isolates were collected from patients in 96 medical centres in the Asia-Pacific region, Europe, Latin America and the USA between 2017 and 2019, and tested for susceptibility by reference broth microdilution. Results: The most active agents against S. aureus (n = 4667) were tedizolid (100.0% susceptible), linezolid (100.0% susceptible), ceftaroline (96.2% susceptible) and vancomycin (100.0% susceptible), but only tedizolid, linezolid and vancomycin retained activity against >95% of meticillin-resistant S. aureus isolates from all regions. In general, linezolid, ceftriaxone, ceftaroline, levofloxacin, penicillin and vancomycin showed susceptibility rates >95% against S. pneumoniae (n = 3008). However, only linezolid, ceftaroline, levofloxacin and vancomycin remained active (>95% susceptibility) against isolates displaying penicillin-non-susceptible or multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Penicillin-non-susceptible S. pneumoniae isolates were recovered less frequently from patients aged <5 years compared with other age groups. Conclusion:The in-vitro data presented here confirm the high potency of tedizolid against S. aureus and S. pneumoniae causing pneumonia worldwide. There is a need for further clinical evaluations of tedizolid for treating pneumonia caused by these pathogens.

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“… Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen that can cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from more mild infections, such as sinusitis, otitis media, and conjunctivitis, to more severe diseases, such as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), bacteremia, and meningitis ( 1 – 5 ). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that S. pneumoniae infections still killed close to 300,000 children under 5 years old worldwide in 2015 ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae

et al. 2022

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The Epidemiology and Biostatistics of Pneumococcus

Cited by 10 publications

References 52 publications

Gut Microbiota and SCFAs Play Key Roles in QingFei Yin Recipe Anti-Streptococcal Pneumonia Effects

Gut Microbiota and SCFAs Play Key Roles in QingFei Yin Recipe Anti-Streptococcal Pneumonia Effects

Tedizolid activity against a multicentre worldwide collection of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from patients with pneumonia (2017–2019)

Validation of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae

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