The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in Kosovo

Namani, Sadie; Koci, Remzie; Qehaja-Buçaj, Emine; Ajazaj-Berisha, Lindita; Mehmeti, Murat

doi:10.3855/jidc.3553

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…They detected a lower mortality rate (5% versus 2%) and a lower incidence of neurological complications in children (13% versus 16%) as compared to adults (32% versus 10% and 16% versus 35%, respectively). Neisseria meningitidis was the most common pathogen of bacterial meningitis during both study periods and bacterial meningitis was most common in the pediatric population (15). In this study, during the year 2000, the mean age of pediatric cases was 3.2 years, while for adults it was 41 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Fatality rate in our study was 7.5% and these patients had referred to the hospital late (14). Namani's study compared meningitis cases in 2000 with 2010 and showed a 35.5% decline in incidence and a decrease fatality rate from 10% to 5% (15). They detected a lower mortality rate (5% versus 2%) and a lower incidence of neurological complications in children (13% versus 16%) as compared to adults (32% versus 10% and 16% versus 35%, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk factors for meningitis include: skipping vaccinations, age (most cases of viral meningitis occur in children younger than five years old and bacterial meningitis commonly affects people under 20), living in a community setting (college students living in dormitories, personnel on military bas-es, and children in boarding schools and child care facilities are at increased risk of meningococcal meningitis), and factors that may compromise patients' immune system including; AIDS, use of immunosuppressant drugs, and removal of the spleen (3-6). There are many reports about the epidemiology of meningitis and according to the community under study, age of cases and other risk factors, agents and clinical outcome are different (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Meningitis Studied at a University Hospital in Zahedan, South-Eastern Iran

et al. 2015

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Background:Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes, which surround the brain and spinal cord. Early treatment of bacterial meningitis can prevent serious complications. In the last two decades, three vaccines have been developed against the three main bacterial species implicated in meningitis of children in western countries and vaccine-preventable invasive bacterial meningitis has decreased substantially in the past few years. However, none of the developed vaccines are part of our childhood immunization schedule. Objectives: This study aimed to search the epidemiology of meningitis in Zahedan. Patients and Methods:In this cross-sectional survey, we studied all patients with meningitis for ten years, from May 2004 to May 2014, who had been referred to our hospital. The patients were evaluated according to their sex, age, clinical features, risk factors, pathogenic microorganisms, form of infection (acute or chronic) and clinical outcome. Results: Among the 53 patients with meningitis (47% females; 53% males with mean age 36 years) 47 cases (83%) had acute meningitis and six cases (17%) had chronic meningitis (four cases of tuberculosis and two cases of brucellosis). From the 47 cases with acute meningitis, only one case had a positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture for meningococci and 46 patients had negative CSF culture. The most common clinical symptoms was fever and headache (90%) and the least was seizure (9%). Mortality rate was 7.5% (4 cases). There were no significant risk factors except for two patients with acute meningitis and two cases with chronic meningitis. Conclusions: According to negative CSF cultures in acute meningitis, CSF culture using the BACTEC automated system and specific viral tests is recommended for detection of the etiological agents of viral and bacterial meningitis, particularly in the Iranian population where patients use antibiotics without prescription.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Meningitis Studied at a University Hospital in Zahedan, South-Eastern Iran

et al. 2015

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“…Acute bacterial meningitis is the most severe type of meningitis. The incidence rate has decreased and the predominant pathogens have changed in many countries with the introduction of Nm vaccines, Hib vaccine and heptavalent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV 7) [ 22 – 28 ]. In the United States, the rate of bacterial meningitis among children < 5 years declined by 55% in the early 1990s when Hib vaccine for infants was introduced [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Population-Based Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis Syndromes Surveillance in Guangxi, China, May 2007- June 2012

et al. 2015

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ObjectivesAcute meningitis and encephalitis (AME) are common diseases with the main pathogens being viruses and bacteria. As specific treatments are different, it is important to develop clinical prediction rules to distinguish aseptic from bacterial or fungal infection. In this study we evaluated the incidence rates, seasonal variety and the main etiologic agents of AME, and identified factors that could be used to predict the etiologic agents.MethodsA population-based AME syndrome surveillance system was set up in Guigang City, Guangxi, involving 12 hospitals serving the study communities. All patients meeting the case definition were investigated. Blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid were tested for bacterial pathogens using culture or RT-PCR and serological tests for viruses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Laboratory testing variables were grouped using factor analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict the etiology of AME.ResultsFrom May 2007 to June 2012, the annual incidence rate of AME syndrome, and disease specifically caused by Japanese encephalitis (JE), other viruses, bacteria and fungi were 12.55, 0.58, 4.57, 0.45 and 0.14 per 100,000 population, respectively. The top three identified viral etiologic agents were enterovirus, mumps virus, and JE virus, and for bacteria/fungi were Streptococcus sp., Cryptococcus neoformans and Staphylococcus sp. The incidence of JE and other viruses affected younger populations and peaked from April to August. Alteration of consciousness and leukocytosis were more likely to be caused by JE, bacteria and fungi whereas CSF inflammation was associated with bacterial/fungal infection.ConclusionsWith limited predictive validity of symptoms and signs and routine laboratory tests, specific tests for JE virus, mumps virus and enteroviruses are required to evaluate the immunization impact and plan for further intervention. CSF bacterial culture cannot be omitted in guiding clinical decisions regarding patient treatment.

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“…Meningitis is defined as an inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord (1) , the severity of the meningitis related with microbial causes that may be bacteria, viruses, mycobacteria, parasites and fungi (2) . The incidence of meningitis is usually high in developing countries, with poor-socioeconomic status (3) , streptococcus pneumonia, Neisseria meningitides, and Haemophilus influenza are mostly detected with documented cases of community-acquired bacterial meningitis (4,5) . In bacterial meningitis, cell number is actually changed, especially the polymorph nuclear cells, as well as hypoglycorrhachia and high CSF protein concentration (6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Biochemical and Cellular laboratory Indicators in the Cerebral Spinal Fluid among Suspected Bacterial Meningitis Patients

Rasol¹,

Sultan²,

Hassoun³

2019

kjns

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Background: This study was conducted on 200 children and adult of both sexes who attended Al-Zahra Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital &Middle Euphrates Neuroscience Center in Al-Najaf province from July 2016 to July 2017 because they complaining of some symptoms that may related to meninges infection. The mean ages of suspected patients were 13.09 years for males (109), and 11.28 years for females (91). Aim of study: Identification of biochemical contents (glucose and protein level) and cell count (neutrophil and lymphocyte) of CSF among patients with meningitis. Methodology: The biochemical examination of spinal cord fluid (glucose and protein level), as well as the number of white blood cells (lymphocytes and rectangles), was conducted for the period from June 2016 to June 2017. All the biochemical tests (glucose and protein), counting the cells of the spinal cord fluid, making the direct swabs and dyeing them with chromium were done. In addition, the samples were planted with special farms for all the subjects. The average glucose level in cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis patients was 62.54 mg / dl. While the mean total protein level in CSF of meningitis patients was 27.23 mg / dl. Equivalent and lymphatic cell counts were predominant in the same spinal fluid of patients. Results: The mean level of glucose in CSF of meningitis patients was 62.54 mg/dl. The mean level of total protein in CSF of meningitis patients was 27.23mg/dl. Neutrophil & lymphocyte was the predominant cell in CSF of all suspected meningitis patients. Conclusion: The positive parameters in the analysis of CSF may be used to differentiate between bacterial and non-bacterial meningitis. Positive bacterial meningitis does not depend on the result of CSF sugar & protein only. Recommendation: Give priority to medical soon attending and laboratory analysis

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The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in Kosovo

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Epidemiology of Meningitis Studied at a University Hospital in Zahedan, South-Eastern Iran

Epidemiology of Meningitis Studied at a University Hospital in Zahedan, South-Eastern Iran

A Population-Based Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis Syndromes Surveillance in Guangxi, China, May 2007- June 2012

Some Biochemical and Cellular laboratory Indicators in the Cerebral Spinal Fluid among Suspected Bacterial Meningitis Patients

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