The epidemiology of bladder cancer.A second look

Abstract

A case-control study among 574 male and 158 female bladder cancer patients and equal numbers of matched controls w a s conducted between 1969 and 1974 in 17 hospitals in six United States cities. We determined that cigarette smokers of both sexes were at higher relative risk than nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking was responsible for about one-half of male and one-third of female bladder cancer. There was an excess of bladder cancer patients with some previous occupational exposure, such as rubber, chemicals, and textiles. A weak association with coffee drinking, which appeared to be independent of smoking, was found for males. Users of artificial sweetners were not over-represented among the cases. The authors conclude that the epidemiologic pattern of bladder cancer cannot be fully accounted for by cigarette smoking and occupational exposure and suggest a series of metabolic studies to assess the role of additional factors, such as nutrition.

Cancer in the Gizan Province of Saudi Arabia: An Eleven Year Study

“…35 Schistosomiasis is common in Gizan Province due to the relative abundance of free-lying water and widespread agriculture and this may be responsible for the large number of bladder SCCs seen in this region. A consistent relationship has been demonstrated between bladder cancer and cigarette smoking 36 but the high incidence in Gizan Province occurs with a historically low incidence of cigarette smoking.…”

Associations between cancer incidence and alcohol/cigarette consumption among five ethnic groups in Hawaii

“…Likewise, although there was significant association between liquor consumption and incidence of bladder cancer, this was totally the result of one outlying data point. Since neither casecontrol nor correlation studies have previously found bladder cancer to be associated with liquor consumption (Wynder & Goldsmith, 1977) this finding is probably spurious.…”

Free Radicals: Properties, Sources, Targets, and Their Implication in Various Diseases

“…The most common risk factors for bladder cancer are cigarette smoking, exposure to industrial carcinogens (aromatic amines), high levels of arsenic intake and diet [150]. Oxidative stress critically contributes to the development of bladder cancer [151].…”