The epidemiology of CA-125 in women without evidence of ovarian cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial

Abstract

Objective-To determine the epidemiology of CA-125 in women without ovarian cancer.Methods-We analyzed demographic, medical and lifestyle characteristics related to CA-125, measured using the Centocor CA-125II RIA assay, among 25,608 multi-ethnic U.S. women aged 55-74 years enrolled in a cancer screening trial and found to have no evidence of ovarian cancer.Results-Mean CA-125 level was 11.9 U/ml (SD 8.3); median 10.0 U/ml, interquartile range 8.0-14.0. High levels, using the clinical cut point of ≥ 35 U/ml, were associated with increased age (p<0.001) and former smoking (p<0.021), while hysterectomy and obesity were protective (p<0.001). Mean levels were higher with increasing age (p<0.001), ever use of hormone therapy (p<0.001), former smoking (p<0.017) and history of breast cancer (p<0.002), but lower (p<0.001) with non-White status, previous hysterectomy, current smoking, and obesity. Current hormone therapy use was not associated with CA-125 in women without a uterus.Conclusion-In post-menopausal women without ovarian cancer, CA-125 level is influenced by a number of factors, including race/ethnicity, age, hysterectomy, smoking history and obesity.

Circulating tumor cells as a new and additional approach to follow-up patients with serous low-grade ovarian adenocarcinoma – a case report and review of the literature

“…The levels of CA125 are higher with increasing age, use of hormone therapy, former smoking and history of breast cancer, but can be lower after hysterectomy, in current smokers, obese and non-white women [18,19]. Moreover, the capacity of determining good prognosis in early declines from baseline [20] is lost if the neoplasm doesn't express significant levels of CA125.…”

CA 125 Elevation Due to Minimal Change Disease

“…Bakılan otoimmün antikorları (ANA, Anti DNA, ANCA (p, c)) negatif olarak saptandı. CA 125, over kanserlerinin takibinde oldukça sık kullanılan ancak spesivitesi düşük, etnisite ve sigara içme durumu gibi faktörler göre değişiklik gösterebilen bir biyokimyasal markerdır (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Herhangi bir sebebe bağlı plevral veya peritoneal sıvı varlığı da olası CA 125 yüksekliği nedenleri arasında yer almaktadır (11 Prt:(-) Glukoz:Normal Keton:(-) WBC:1/HPF RBC:2/HPF olması, ailede kanser öyküsünün bulunmaması, parasentez sıvısının transuda vasfında olması ve incelenmesinde atipik hücreye rastlanmaması özellikle overe ait primer bir maligniteden ve peritona ait primer ve/veya metastatik bir malign durumdan uzaklaşılmış oldu.…”

“…CA 125, over patolojileri dışında endometriosis (9), uterin leiomyom, asit eşlik etsin veya etmesin siroz, pelvik enflamatuvar hastalık, endometriyum, meme, akciğer ve pankreas kanserleri (10), herhangi bir sebebe bağlı plevral veya peritoneal sıvı varlığı (11) gibi birçok durumda yüksek saptanabilmektedir. Ortalama CA 125 seviyeleri etnisite ve sigara içme durumuna göre değişiklik gösterir ve yaşla birlikte artar (12). Olgumuzda, ondokuz yaşında ayaklarda şişlik şikayeti ile gelen kadın hastada yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda yaklaşık otuz kat kadar artmış CA 125 yüksekliği nedeni olarak nefrotik sendrom tespit edildi.…”

A Novel Approach to Predict the Likelihood of Specific Ovarian Tumor Pathology Based on Serum CA-125: A Multicenter Observational Study

“…However, it is widely recognized that CA-125 has limitations when used in isolation (11). One problem is that CA-125 levels are affected by a number of conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, large uterine fibroids, ovarian fibroma, peritoneal implants, lung disease, liver cirrhosis, tuberculosis, ascites, smoking, obesity, caffeine use, Caucasian ethnicity, and previous hysterectomy (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). More importantly, relatively low CA-125 levels are seen commonly in patients with borderline tumors and stage I invasive ovarian cancers (7-9, 13, 17, 18).…”