The Epidemiology of Childhood Leukemia with a Focus on Birth Weight and Diet

Tower, Richard L.; Spector, Logan G.

doi:10.1080/10408360601147536

Cited by 65 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…Largefor-gestational-age infants have higher levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I which may contribute to the elevated leukemia risk in these children. 38 Because our findings of leukemic clones in lower birth weight patients are in contrast to the large-for-gestational age infant findings, we suggest the following hypothesis: IGF-I or other growth factors stimulate the proliferation and persistence of preleukemic cell clones. Because of a potential greater growth stimulation in large-forgestational-age infants, very small preleukemic cell clone populations can persist and later develop into overt leukemia.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…In each of the 12 patients with a birth weight of p3000 g, preleukemic cells were detected on the Guthrie card. High birth weight has been identified as a risk factor for childhood ALL (reviewed by Tower et al 38 ). Largefor-gestational-age infants have higher levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I which may contribute to the elevated leukemia risk in these children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal origin of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, association with birth weight and hyperdiploidy

Gruhn

et al. 2008

Leukemia

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Recent studies with very small numbers of patients showed that in some cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), preleukemic cells are detectable on Guthrie cards that were used for newborn screening. We present here the largest series of ALL patients (n ¼ 32) in whom Guthrie cards were analyzed for the presence of preleukemic cells. Rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes were used as a marker for leukemic clones. We combined our set of patients with 17 previously published cases. Preleukemic cells were detected in 31 of all 49 patients (63%). Positive screening cards were not associated with patient's age at diagnosis but were almost always found in patients with hyperdiploidy (10/11; 91%; P ¼ 0.04). High birth weight is an established risk factor for childhood ALL. Positive screening cards were strongly associated with low birth weight (P ¼ 0.01). In conclusion, the majority of childhood B-precursor ALL arise prior to birth. In the search for causes of childhood leukemia we should concentrate on prenatal factors as well as postnatal factors. Our results suggest that autologous cord bloods could be a poor choice as the source of stem cells for transplantation in leukemia, which may contain preleukemic cells. Pending the development of suitable methods, childhood leukemia is a potentially screenable disease.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal origin of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, association with birth weight and hyperdiploidy

Gruhn

et al. 2008

Leukemia

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“…Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 have been previously linked with increased cancer risk 73,74 including leukemia. 75 In a sample of older (7-18 years) ALL survivors, Ladha et al 68 reported no effect of a single acute exercise bout on white blood cells, monocytes or eosinophils, indicating no adverse immune response.…”

Section: Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise in adult and pediatric hematological cancer survivors: an intervention review

et al. 2010

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Observational research has shown that the physical activity levels of survivors of hematological cancer are low, with deleterious health consequences. This review summarizes the research on exercise interventions in adult and pediatric hematological cancer survivors. We searched MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane and PEDro through September 2009 for exercise intervention studies in children and adults with any type of hematological cancer. In the 24 adult intervention studies reviewed, we found strong evidence (that is, X3 high-quality studies and X75% reporting a significant benefit) for a benefit on body composition. Weak, but promising, evidence (X3 high-quality studies, but o75% reporting a significant benefit) was found for cardiorespiratory fitness, fatigue, muscle strength, physical functioning and quality of life. In pediatric interventions (13 studies), we found strong evidence for a benefit on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness, particularly, if training was conducted in the hospital setting. Evidence is weak for ankle dorsiflexion, physical functioning and body composition. No exerciserelated risks were identified in adults or children studies. Though more randomized controlled trials are needed, a growing body of literature supports the notion that regular physical activity is safe and has potential benefits for both adult and pediatric hematological cancer survivors.

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“…(74,75) . The first pooled analyses to be conducted will evaluate maternal alcohol use, maternal folate intake and MTHFR genes and risk of ALL.…”

Section: Childhood Leukaemia International Consortiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic susceptibility to childhood leukaemia

Chokkalingam

Buffler

2008

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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The aetiology of leukaemias among children is believed to be distinct from that of adults, mainly due to the clearer role for early life exposures, including those in utero. However, few risk factors have been established, because of the challenge of studying a disease with relatively low incidence. Identified risk factors, including ionizing radiation, chemotherapeutic agents and specific genetic abnormalities, explain <10% of incidence (1,2) . Although the causes for the remaining 90% are unknown, it is possible that genetic susceptibility factors, either alone or in conjunction with environmental factors, may be involved. In this paper, the authors (a) review the evidence surrounding genetic susceptibility factors, with emphasis on the genes' main effects; (b) review some recent developments in the Northern California Childhood Leukaemia Study (NCCLS) as a case study of design and practical considerations in genetic epidemiology research and (c) highlight both challenges and future directions in this exciting research area.

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The Epidemiology of Childhood Leukemia with a Focus on Birth Weight and Diet

Cited by 65 publications

References 207 publications

Prenatal origin of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, association with birth weight and hyperdiploidy

Prenatal origin of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, association with birth weight and hyperdiploidy

Exercise in adult and pediatric hematological cancer survivors: an intervention review

Genetic susceptibility to childhood leukaemia

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