The epidemiology of lung cancer in Xuan Wei, China; Current progress, issues, and research strategies

Smoky coal exposure, NBS1 polymorphisms, p53 protein accumulation, and lung cancer risk in Xuan Wei, China

“…Among cases and controls, type of fuel source, ethnicity, education level, household income and dwelling type were comparable (data not shown). Heavy smoking, namely, more than a 25 pack-year history was weakly associated with lung cancer risk (OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 0.82-3.49) in the men, a finding which is consistent with previous studies in Xuan Wei [1][2][3]10,17]. Compared to subjects who used less than 130 tons of smoky coal during their lifetime, heavy smoky coal users (those who used more than 130 tons) had a 2.27-fold (95% CI: 1.25-4.10) increased risk of lung cancer.…”

“…Although almost all women do not smoke, mortality rates from lung cancer are similar to those for men, who have a high prevalence of smoking (27.7 and 25.3 per 100,000 for men and women in the county, respectively) [1]. Previous studies have shown that the etiology of lung cancer in Xuan Wei was primarily attributed to indoor exposure to smoky coal emissions, which have a high concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [1][2][3]. During the burning of smoky coal for home cooking, the indoor air concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), an indicator of PAHs, can become as high as 14.7 g/m 3 , comparable to exposure levels experienced by coke oven workers [1].…”

Genetic variation in telomere maintenance genes, telomere length, and lung cancer susceptibility

“…Xuanwei has the highest prevalence of lung cancer in China (14) and the age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates for men and women are 27.7 and 25.3 per 100,000, respectively (15). The similarity of lung cancer rates in Xuanwei men and women is interesting given that nearly all women and few men cook, while most men and nearly no women smoke tobacco (16). The primary source of indoor air pollution in Xuanwei is smoke combustion from most residents burning smoky coal (bituminous coal) for heating and cooking.…”

Simulation and health risk assessment of residential particle pollution by coal combustion in China

“…As discussed above, this figure is connected with uncertainty. Chapman et al [1] had previously reported that the lung cancer mortality rate for women was as high as 25 per 100,000, among the highest in China. Although the mortality rate and incidence had different meanings in the epidemiology analysis, the two values were expected to be similar when it focused on lung cancer, which was a disease with high mortality.…”

“…China has the largest coal consumption in the world and the air pollution is characterized by coal smoke [1,2]. Among various coal combustors, residential coal device is one of the important pollution sources.…”