The Epidemiology of Uveitis in Developing Countries

London, Nikolas; Rathinam, Sivakumar R.; Cunningham, Emmett T.

doi:10.1097/iio.0b013e3181d2cc6b

Cited by 84 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The most common infectious uveitis etiologies include toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, onchocerciasis, cysticercosis, leprosy, and leptospirosis (2). In developed countries, infectious uveitis, mainly due to herpesvirus infection and toxoplasmosis, accounts for a much smaller number of cases, with other causes like tuberculosis and syphilis being even less common (1,5). The most common causes of noninfectious uveitis include Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis, HLA-B27-associated uveitis, intermediate uveitis, birdshot chorioretinopathy, sympathetic ophthalmia, sarcoidosis, multifocal choroiditis, VogtKoyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome, serpiginous choroiditis, and Behçet's disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intraocular Levels of Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and IL-10 as Respective Determinant Markers of Toxoplasmosis and Viral Uveitis

Sauer

Villard

Creuzot‐Garcher

et al. 2014

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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e Uveitis is a potentially blinding inflammatory disease. Thirty to 50% of uveitis cases are considered idiopathic. The present study sought to determine the intraocular cytokine patterns in the different etiological types of uveitis in order to better understand their immunological regulation and to determine whether the cytokine pattern may be a useful diagnostic tool. From a multicenter institutional prospective study, the clinical and biological data from patients with uveitis of various etiologies, determined after a complete workup, were compared with those from a control group of cataract patients. A multiplex assay was used to assess the profiles of 27 cytokines and chemokines in aqueous humor samples from these patients. In total, 62 patients with infectious or noninfectious uveitis and 88 controls were included. After a complete workup, the cause of uveitis remained unknown in 25 patients (40% idiopathic uveitis). Interleukin 1␤ (IL-1␤) levels were markedly increased in viral uveitis, as were IL-10 levels, whereas IL-17A levels were augmented in toxoplasmic uveitis. Based on the cytokine pattern, the patients were reassigned to specific groups. At the end of the study, the diagnosis of idiopathic uveitis was still valid in only 11 patients (18%). The observation that some markers are specific to certain diseases enables a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis and paves the way for new diagnostic methods aimed to identify inflammatory markers, which may perhaps be targeted by therapy.

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Intraocular Levels of Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and IL-10 as Respective Determinant Markers of Toxoplasmosis and Viral Uveitis

Sauer

Villard

Creuzot‐Garcher

et al. 2014

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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“…Blindness and visual impairment caused by infectious uveitis can be prevented at least partially by early identification of the pathogen and the subsequent administration of appropriate treatment (18) . The use of real-time PCR as a diagnostic tool for infectious uveitis has been demonstrated by many groups (11,(19)(20)(21) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection ofToxoplasma gondiiDNA in peripheral blood and aqueous humor of patients with Toxoplasmic active focal necrotizing retinochoroiditis using real-time PCR

Santos¹,

Nascimento²,

Muccioli³

et al. 2015

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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Purpose: To evaluate the ability of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detecting Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the peripheral blood and aqueous humor of patients with toxoplasmic active focal necrotizing retinochoroiditis. Methods: Fifty-five patients with infectious uveitis seen from 2009 to 2013 at the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences of the Federal University of São Paulo were enrolled in this study. Forty-three patients had toxoplasmic active focal necrotizing retinochoroiditis, and the remaining 12 had non-toxoplasmic infectious uveitis and served as controls. qPCR analysis for T. gondii DNA was performed on the patients' peripheral blood and aqueous humor samples. Results:The qPCR was positive for T. gondii DNA in 37.21% (16/43) of the aqueous humor samples and 2.33% (1/43) of the peripheral blood samples; further, 16.27% (7/43) of the patients had positive results in both their blood and aqueous humor samples. Conclusion: qPCR was able to detect T. gondii DNA in patients with toxoplasmic active focal necrotizing retinochoroiditis in the blood as well as the aqueous humor and can help with the diagnosis of the disease.

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“…[1,2] In Uganda, infectious uveitis is the most common cause (41%) of non-correctable visual impairment among HIV-infected individuals. [3] In sub-Saharan Africa, inclu ding countries where onchocerciasis is en demic, up to 25% of all blindness can be attributed to uveitis.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[3] In sub-Saharan Africa, inclu ding countries where onchocerciasis is en demic, up to 25% of all blindness can be attributed to uveitis. [1] Uveitis has a wide range of causes, with an infectious origin in up to 50% of cases in Africa. [1] …”

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Anterior chamber paracentesis to improve diagnosis and treatment of infectious uveitis in South Africa

et al. 2015

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The Epidemiology of Uveitis in Developing Countries

Cited by 84 publications

References 67 publications

Intraocular Levels of Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and IL-10 as Respective Determinant Markers of Toxoplasmosis and Viral Uveitis

Intraocular Levels of Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and IL-10 as Respective Determinant Markers of Toxoplasmosis and Viral Uveitis

Detection ofToxoplasma gondiiDNA in peripheral blood and aqueous humor of patients with Toxoplasmic active focal necrotizing retinochoroiditis using real-time PCR

Anterior chamber paracentesis to improve diagnosis and treatment of infectious uveitis in South Africa

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