The Epidemiology, Transmission, Genotypes, Replication, Serologic and Nucleic Acid Testing, Immunotolerance, and Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus

Patel, Ankoor; Dossaji, Zahra; Gupta, Kapil; Roma, Katerina; Chandler, Toni-Marie; Minacapelli, Carlos D.; Catalano, Kaitlyn; Gish, Robert; Rustgi, Vinod

doi:10.1016/j.gastha.2023.10.008

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 94 publications

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“…Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia, particularly China and Southeast Asia, are considered high-endemic areas, hosting a substantial proportion of the world's chronic HBV cases [2] . Intermediate-endemic regions include parts of Eastern Europe and the Middle East, while North America, Western Europe, and Australia generally experience lower prevalence rates [3] . Chronic HBV infection constitutes a major global health concern, affecting over 250 million individuals worldwide [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of the prospects and challenges of Hepatitis B therapeutic vaccines

Hudu,

Osman,

Abu-Shoura

et al. 2024

Trends Immunother.

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Hepatitis B therapeutic vaccines hold great promise in the treatment of chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, like any medical intervention, they also face certain prospects and challenges which forms the aim of this critical review. Therapeutic vaccines offer a targeted approach to manage chronic Hepatitis B infections, aiming to stimulate the immune system to recognise and eliminate infected cells. The potential to halt disease progression holds promise for preventing severe liver diseases associated with chronic Hepatitis B, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therapeutic vaccines, if effective, could contribute to a more equitable distribution of treatment options globally, especially in resource-limited settings. Hepatitis B therapeutic vaccines may play a crucial role in preventing vertical transmission, reducing the global incidence of perinatal HBV infections and improving maternal-child health outcomes. Diverse vaccine platforms and combination strategies, including immunomodulation and checkpoint inhibitors, are advancing, optimising immunogenicity, and eliciting strong immune responses. Tailoring therapeutic vaccines to individual patients based on genetic considerations may enhance efficacy, recognizing the genetic diversity of Hepatitis B. Therapeutic vaccines need to align with global health goals related to infectious disease elimination, contributing to broader efforts to reduce the burden of Hepatitis B worldwide. While Hepatitis B therapeutic vaccines hold significant promise in transforming the management of chronic infections, addressing challenges related to access, viral variability, and long-term monitoring is crucial for their successful integration into global healthcare strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of the prospects and challenges of Hepatitis B therapeutic vaccines

Hudu,

Osman,

Abu-Shoura

et al. 2024

Trends Immunother.

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show abstract

Based on thiourea-modified PTC, a self-enhanced ECL luminescent reagents and feathered Au@NiCo2O4 assembled ECL immunosensor are used for high sensitivity detection of hepatitis B surface antigen

Dong,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Microchemical Journal

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Serological and molecular methods for the detection of hepatitis B virus infections

Reyes Negrete,

Ron Mora

2025

Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología

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Introduction: the hepatitis B virus has the ability to severely infect the liver and cause both acute and chronic infections. It belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family, is composed of partially double-stranded DNA, and contains four open reading frames (ORFs): ORF S (surface), C (core), P (polymerase), and X (HBx). The diagnosis is primarily based on detecting the surface antigen (HBsAg) and human antibodies against these antigens through immunological methods. Similarly, molecular methods such as PCR, qPCR, and LAMP are currently used, offering higher sensitivity and specificity. Objective: to review the effectiveness of serological and molecular methods in detecting hepatitis B virus infections.Methods: a systematic review was performed using the PRISMA method. Clinical trials, systematic reviews, and books addressing serological and molecular methods for detecting hepatitis B virus infections were included.Results: out of a total of 187 studies, 23 relevant articles were included in the review, providing valuable information on the serological and molecular methods used for detecting hepatitis B virus infections.Conclusion: serological methods are highly useful for the early detection of the virus, especially in low- and middle-income countries due to their low cost. Likewise, molecular methods are valuable for quantifying viral DNA and providing proper treatment monitoring, demonstrating higher sensitivity and specificity

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The Epidemiology, Transmission, Genotypes, Replication, Serologic and Nucleic Acid Testing, Immunotolerance, and Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus

Cited by 3 publications

References 94 publications

A critical review of the prospects and challenges of Hepatitis B therapeutic vaccines

A critical review of the prospects and challenges of Hepatitis B therapeutic vaccines

Based on thiourea-modified PTC, a self-enhanced ECL luminescent reagents and feathered Au@NiCo2O4 assembled ECL immunosensor are used for high sensitivity detection of hepatitis B surface antigen

Serological and molecular methods for the detection of hepatitis B virus infections

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