The Equatorial El Niño-Southern Oscillation Signatures Observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC from July 2006 to January 2012

Sun, Yihe; Liu, Jann Yenq; Tsai, Heng; Lin, Charles; Kuo, Ying Hwa

doi:10.3319/tao.2014.02.13.01(a)

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The ENSORS extracted from these altitudes over these areas and ONI are highly correlated. The correlation coefficient can reach up to more than 0.94, which is far greater than the results given by Sun et al [24], who analyzed the correlation coefficients of the time series of tropopause parameters (e.g., the height, pressure, temperature and potential temperature of the tropopause) derived from COSMIC over the N3.4 area and ONI. In their work, QBO and other unknown factors were not eliminated from these time series of tropopause parameters.…”

Section: Response To Enso In the Tlsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) datasets have the advantages of long-term stability, self-calibration, high accuracy, good vertical resolution, and all-weather global coverage. In recent years, GNSS RO measurements have proven useful for ENSO studies [13,17,23,24]. Lacker et al [17] described ENSORS in the upper TLS region over the tropics using RO observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Teng et al [23] characterized global precipitable water in ENSO events from 2007 to 2011 using datasets from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission. Sun et al [24] illustrated the equatorial ENSORS at the tropopause observed by COSMIC from July 2006 to January 2012, and the COSMIC tropopause parameters were found to be useful for monitoring ENSO events. Although these studies described the vertical and spatial structures of atmospheric ENSORS over local regions, the phases and strengths of ENSO events were not fully determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Strategy for Extracting ENSO Related Signals in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere from GNSS RO Specific Humidity Observations

Chen

Luo

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

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El Niño-Southern Oscillation related signals (ENSORS) in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (TLS) are the prominent source of inter-annual variability in the weather and climate system of the Earth, and are especially important for monitoring El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In order to reduce the influence of quasi-biennial oscillations and other unknown signals compared with the traditional empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) method, a new processing strategy involving fusion of a low-pass filter with an optimal filtering frequency (hereafter called the optimal low-pass filter) and EOF is proposed in this paper for the extraction of ENSORS in the TLS. Using this strategy, ENSORS in the TLS over different areas were extracted effectively from the specific humidity profiles provided by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission from June 2006 to June 2014. The spatial and temporal responses of the extracted ENSORS to ENSO at different altitudes in the TLS were analyzed. The results show that the most suitable areas for extracting ENSORS are over the areas of G25 (−25 • S-25 • N, 180 • W-180 • E) −G65(−65 • S-65 • N, 180 • W-180 • E) in the upper troposphere (250-200 hpa) which show a lag time of 3 months relative to the Oceanic Niño index (ONI).In the troposphere, ENSO manifests as a major inter-annual variation. The ENSORS extracted from the N3.4 (−5 • S to 5 • N, 120 • W to 170 • W) area are responsible for 83.59% of the variability of the total specific humidity anomaly (TSHA) at an altitude of 250 hpa. Over all other defined areas which contain the N3.4 areas, ENSORS also explain the major variability in TSHA. In the lower stratosphere, the extracted ENSORS present an unstable pattern at different altitudes because of the weak ENSO effect. Moreover, the spatial and temporal responses of ENSORS and ONI to ENSO across the globe are in good agreement. Over the areas with strong correlation between ENSORS and ONI, the larger the correlation coefficient is, the shorter the lag time between them. Furthermore, the ENSORS from zonal-mean specific humidity monthly anomalies at different altitudes can clearly present the vertical structure of ENSO in the troposphere. This study provides a new approach for monitoring ENSO events.

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Section: Response To Enso In the Tlsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Strategy for Extracting ENSO Related Signals in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere from GNSS RO Specific Humidity Observations

Chen

Luo

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

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“…The tropospheric component of the ENSO is the abnormal distribution of convection along equator. The major pattern of the oceanic component of ENSO is the warm sea surface water moving across 180° E to the Eastern Pacific from the west that further drives the displacement of the strong convection area (Sun et al 2014). Figure 2 shows that the tropopause height responds to the ENSO phases over the Niño 3.4 region (5° N-5° S, 120°-170° W) where the atmospheric convection anomaly highly correlates with the sea surface temperature anomaly.…”

Section: Troposphere Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

GNSS brings us back on the ground from ionosphere

Sun

2019

Geosci. Lett.

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Both solar activities from above and perturbations of Earth's surface and troposphere from below disturb ionospheric structure and its dynamics. Numerous ionospheric phenomena remain unexplained due to the complicated nature of the solar-terrestrial environment. We do appreciate the ground-and space-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) techniques being around and providing global observations with high resolutions to help us to resolve unexplained phenomena. This paper summarizes recent studies of the effect of solar (geomagnetic storm and total solar eclipse), tropospheric (typhoon, walker circulation, and El Niño-Southern Oscillation), and earthquake/tsunami activities Chile, 2011 Tohoku, and 2015 Nepal earthquakes) on the ionosphere utilizing the global ground-and space-based GNSS observations. © The Author(s) 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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“…land-atmospheric coupling) that are possibly driven by solar wind anomalies. Atmospheric conditions and soil moisture are both affected under positive ENSO conditions (Rasmusson & Carpenter 1982a, Sun et al 2014; Detto et al 2018, Levin et al 2018), and have feedbacks on tropical forest productivity (Asner et al 2000, Levin et al 2018), therefore it is reasonable to hypothesize they may exert some effect on tropical forest reproduction. Next, we provide a case study that illustrates a stronger correlative relationship to solar-wind energy anomalies than ENSO itself, as preliminary evidence.…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposing the solar wind-energy-flux hypothesis as a driver of interannual variation in tropical tree reproductive effort tropical tree reproduction

Hogan

Nytch

Bithorn

et al. 2019

Preprint

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A growing body of research documents how the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) results in short-term changes in terrestrial environmental conditions, with the potential to drive ecosystem processes as the duration and severity of ENSO events increases with anthropogenic climate change. An ENSO positive phase results in anomalous patterns of rainfall and temperature throughout the tropics that coincide with leaf flush and increased fruit production in tropical forests worldwide. However, our understanding of possible mechanisms underlying this natural phenomenon is limited. Furthermore, flowering in tropical trees anticipates ENSO development, motivating the continued search for a global phenological cue for tropical angiosperm reproduction. We propose the solar energy flux hypothesis: that a physical energy influx in the Earth’s upper atmosphere and magnetosphere generated by a positive anomaly in the solar wind preceding ENSO development, cues tropical trees to increase allocation of resources to reproduction. We show that from 1994-2013, the solar wind energy flux into the Earth’s magnetosphere (Ein) is more strongly correlated with the number of trees in fruit or flower in a Puerto Rican wet forest than the Niño 3.4 climate index, despite Niño 3.4 being a previously identified driver of interannual increases in reproduction. We discuss the idea that changes in the global magnetosphere and thermosphere conditions via solar wind-effects on global atmospheric circulation, principally a weaker Walker circulation, cue interannual increases tropical tree reproduction. This may be a mechanism that synchronizes the reproductive output of the tropical trees to changes in environmental conditions that coincide with ENSO. Thus, space weather patterns may help explain terrestrial biological phenomena that occur at quasi-decadal scales.

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The Equatorial El Niño-Southern Oscillation Signatures Observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC from July 2006 to January 2012

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

A New Strategy for Extracting ENSO Related Signals in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere from GNSS RO Specific Humidity Observations

A New Strategy for Extracting ENSO Related Signals in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere from GNSS RO Specific Humidity Observations

GNSS brings us back on the ground from ionosphere

Proposing the solar wind-energy-flux hypothesis as a driver of interannual variation in tropical tree reproductive effort tropical tree reproduction

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