The essential oil from Lippia alba induces biochemical stress in the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transportation

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of the essential oil (EO) from Lippia alba on biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress in the brain and liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after six hours of transport. Fish were transported in plastic bags and divided into three treatments groups: control, 30 µL L for three minutes), except for the control group. Fish transported in bags containing the EO did not have any alterations in acetylcholinesterase, ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase and 5'nucleotidase activity in the brain or superoxide dismutase activity in the liver. The hepatic catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nonprotein thiol and ascorbic acid levels were significantly lower compared to the control group. However, the hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, protein oxidation levels and the lipid peroxidation/catalase+glutathione peroxidase (LPO/CAT+GPx) ratio were significantly higher in fish transported with both concentrations of the EO, indicating oxidative stress in the liver. In conclusion, considering the hepatic oxidative stress parameters analyzed in the present experiment, the transport of previously sedated silver catfish in water containing 30 or 40 µL L -1 of EO from L. alba is less effective than the use of lower concentrations.Este estudo investigou os efeitos do óleo essencial (OE) de Lippia alba sobre parâmetros bioquímicos relacionados ao estresse oxidativo em cérebro e fígado de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), após seis horas de transporte. Os peixes foram transportados em sacos plásticos e divididos em três tratamentos: controle, 30 μL L por três minutos), exceto para o grupo controle. Os peixes transportados em sacos contendo o OE não tiveram alterações na atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE), ecto-nucleosídeo trifosfato difosfohidrolase (NTPDase) e 5'nucleotidase, em cérebro ou superóxido dismutase (SOD) no fígado. O tiol não proteico (NPSH), os níveis de ácido ascórbico, catalase (CAT), glutationa-S-transferase (GST) e glutationa-peroxidase (GPx) hepáticos, foram significativamente mais baixos em comparação com o grupo controle. No entanto, as substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), os níveis de oxidação proteica e a taxa de peroxidação lipídica/catalase+glutationa peroxidase (LPO/ CAT+GPx) foram significativamente maiores nos peixes transportados com ambas as concentrações de OE, indicando estresse oxidativo no fígado. Em conclusão, considerando os parâmetros de estresse oxidativo do fígado analisados no presente experimento, o transporte de jundiás previamente sedados em água contendo 30 ou 40 µL L -1 de OE de L.alba é menos efetivo que utilizando concentrações menores.

Biochemical parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transport with eugenol or essential oil of Lippia alba added to the water

“…The metabolic and antioxidant responses of fish exposed to anesthetics have been scarcely investigated (Azambuja et al, 2011;Becker et al, 2012Becker et al, , 2016Salbego et al, 2014Salbego et al, , 2015Toni et al, 2015). Transportation in closed systems leads to changes in the metabolic state of fish and may lead to oxidative damage through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).…”

“…In order to protect against oxidative stress, organisms have developed antioxidant defenses (Goyal et al, 2013) which include enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase (Salbego et al, 2014. In addition, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is an important detoxifying enzyme that is frequently induced under adverse conditions, such as poisoning.…”

“…In addition, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is an important detoxifying enzyme that is frequently induced under adverse conditions, such as poisoning. Activation of non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses, such as non-protein thiol groups (NPSH), are also important to aquatic organisms (Salbego et al, 2014.…”

“…Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme present in cholinergic synapses and at motor end plates, which is responsible for degrading acetylcholine (ACh) at the synaptic level, and is extremely important for many physiological functions in fish (Blenau et al, 2012;Salbego et al, 2014). The effect of anesthetics on AChE activity is poorly documented (Mazzanti et al, 1986;Lintern et al, 2000).…”

“…N.E. Brown is also a suitable anesthetic and/or sedative for aquatic animals (Cunha et al, 2010b;Parodi et al, 2012;Salbego et al, 2014;Becker et al, 2016;Toni et al, 2015). Both extracts have been shown to be effective in minimizing the effects of transport stress in some fish species when added to the water during transportation (Cooke et al, 2004;Azambuja et al, 2011;Becker et al, 2012Becker et al, , 2016; however, the efficacy of EOL in altering biochemical parameters and oxidative stress apparently depends on the concentration administered (Salbego et al, 2014) and analysis of the effect of EUG on biochemical parameters after stress is limited.…”