The Estimated Prevalence of Autism in School-Aged Children Living in Rural Nepal Using a Population-Based Screening Tool

Heys, Michelle; Gibbons, Felicity; Haworth, Ed; Medeiros, Emilie; Tumbahangphe, Kirti Man; Wickenden, Mary; Shrestha, Merina; Costello, Anthony; Manandhar, Dharma S; Pellicano, Liz

doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3610-1

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Most of the studies (n = 7/10) were population studies conducted in the community setting [23–26] and schools [27–29]. Most of the studies were cross-sectional in nature [23, 25–27] and one was a cross-sectional cohort study [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only two studies [23, 29] were of good quality, six remaining being scored as “poor quality” [25, 26, 28, 30–32] and two were of fair quality [24, 27] (Additional file 1: Table S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourteen out of 4098 children scored > 6 out of 10, indicative of elevated autistic symptomatology, of which 13 also screened positive for disability. This study estimated the prevalence of autism as being three per 1000 children and adolescents [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child and adolescent mental health problems in Nepal: a scoping review

Chaulagain

Kunwar

Watts

et al. 2019

Int J Ment Health Syst

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Introduction Globally, 10–20% of children and adolescents suffer from mental disorders, with half of all them starting by the age of 14 and three-quarters before the age of 25. In Nepal, 40% of the population is younger than 18 years of age, and as such there is a large proportion of the population that is at risk of developing a mental disorder. There has been a recent recognition of child and adolescent mental health problems in Nepal, although prior to this it had remained almost invisible on the health agenda. In response to growing concern, there is a need to conduct a review on children and adolescent mental health problems in Nepal. Objective To review the existing studies on child and adolescent mental health problems in Nepal. Methodology A scoping review approach was used to identify studies on child and adolescent mental problems in Nepal. A search of Medline and PubMed databases for articles published from the database inception to August 2018 was conducted. Results Ten papers were identified, and they all together included 7876 participants. Two studies reported on Post traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) and described a prevalence of 10.7% to 51% of earthquake-affected children and adolescents in the Kathmandu district of Nepal. Another study reported that 53.2% of former child soldiers met the cut-off score for PTSS. Two school surveys found that the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems in school children ranged between 12.9 and 17.03%, whereas a study on emotional and behavioural disorders in homeless children reported a prevalence of 28.6%. The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) was estimated to be as high as three in every 1000 persons in Nepal by one study. The clinical prevalence of anxiety disorders was reported ranging from 18.8% to 24.4% while that of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was 10–11.7% in various clinical samples of children and adolescents. Conclusion Only a few studies on the prevalence of child and adolescent mental health in Nepal have been conducted. Clearly, there is a need for better study design and larger studies to understand more fully the prevalence of child and adolescent mental health disorders in Nepal, in order to adequately plan public health services accordingly. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13033-019-0310-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only two studies [23, 29] were of good quality, six remaining being scored as “poor quality” [25, 26, 28, 30–32] and two were of fair quality [24, 27] (Additional file 1: Table S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child and adolescent mental health problems in Nepal: a scoping review

Chaulagain

Kunwar

Watts

et al. 2019

Int J Ment Health Syst

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“…These differences are possibly due to a variety of reasons, including the fact that autism is a spectrum condition according to American Psychiatric Association, 2013, the variety of traits; changing definitions of autism; varying levels of awareness in different countries; cultural variation in expectations and understandings of children's behavior; different methodological approaches used to assess prevalence; and the lack of availability of culturally-sensitive diagnostic tools and year of assessment [18]. The prevalence of ASD among children with developmental disorders in Egypt and Tunisia was documented as 33.6 and 11.5%, respectively [17].…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using Autism Quotient-10, a study was conducted in Makawanpur district of Nepal by Heys et al to estimate the autism prevalence in 4098 rural Nepali children aged 9-13 years. Out of that, 14 children had behaviors indicative of elevated autistic symptomatology, of which 13 also screened positive for disability [17].…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Autism and Food Selectivity

Sharma

Ghimire²,

Dhungel

2020

Janaki Med. Coll. J. Med. Sci.

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Autism is a heterogeneous, neuro-developmental syndrome where patient shows various disorders, collectively known as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). It mostly begins in infancy or during the first three years of life and has been found more in boys than in girls. The symptoms of ASD often include language regression, motor regression, and loss of bowel and bladder use. ASD also affects the feeding habit of children, with rates up to 74% as compared to normally developing children. Among different problems related to feeding, food selectivity is one of the key problems as it is directly linked with inadequate nutrition. Different factors affecting food selectivity are restrictive and repetitive behaviors, sensory modulation disorder, sensory over responsively, frequent illness /physical discomfort, and family preferences of food. Food selectivity among the children with ASD has been reported to be as high as 46- 89% as compared to typically developing children. Enough research on linkage of food selectivity with age and other factors is yet to be confirmed. Knowledge and awareness in parents regarding autism and food selectivity may help immensely to diagnose and address feeding problems in ASD at early stage.

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