The Estimation of Vehicular Velocity as a Function of Visual Stimulation

Salvatore, Santo

doi:10.1177/001872086801000105

Cited by 42 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The results suggest that the peripheral flow is a more effective speed cue than the flow from the road. This is in accordance with the results reported by Salvatore (1968). In his experiments participants had to estimate their speed with only peripheral or only foveal view on a highway.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Image parameters for driving with indirect viewing systems

Erp¹,

Padmos²

2003

Ergonomics

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In 3 experiments, we measured driving performance when a driver had only a mediated view on the outside world. A mediated view can be provided when direct view iis insufficient, for example in tmcks and busses, armoured vehicles, and remotely operated vehicles. Generally, a mediated view results in image degradation compared to direct view. Data on the effects of relevant parameters such as field size and resolution on driving performance are mostly indirect. Our results show that camera location is of minor importance. A 100" diagonal field of view results in better performance than a field of view of 50° on tasks that need lateral viewing. A magnification factor of 0.5 leads to a decreased course stability and an overestimation of speed compared to a magnification of 1.0, Spatial and temporal resolution affect tasks related to foveal and peripheral vision, respectively.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Image parameters for driving with indirect viewing systems

Erp¹,

Padmos²

2003

Ergonomics

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“…This is identical for all viewers, and is related to the peripheral cue in the real driving situation. There is evidence that for the real driving situation, the peripheral information is of much greater importance in estimating speed than the frontal cue (Salvatore 1968 b), so we would expect the distance effect to be much less than that implied by Equation (6), and the observed value of 11 per cent seems not unreasonable.…”

Section: Evansmentioning

confidence: 84%

Automobile-Speed Estimation Using Movie-film Simulation

Evans

1970

Ergonomics

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A silent movie film made by shooting through the windscreen of a car driven at different constant speeds was shown in an auditorium, and subjects asked to estimate the speed of the car. Of the 70 subjects who participated, 35 sa t at the front and the remainder at the back. The speed estimates of those seated at the back were, on average, some 11 per cent higher than those at the front . An explanation for this effect is given. It is shown that those at the correct perspective distance from the screen (in the present case, those at the front) will receive an impression of speed which most closely resembles the actual speed of the car. The speed estimates fr om the front of the auditorium mo st closely resembled those observed in an earlier field experiment when the subjects' hearing was diminished. It is concluded that the movie technique prov ides a good simulation of the task in the field experiment if the following two qualifications are made. First, the movie must be viewed from close to the correct perspective distance . Second, a silent movie corresponds to the real situation in which the observer is prevented from hearing.

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“…In their studies, Cohen et al [24] noticed that when crossing a road, men tend to accept smaller gaps between vehicles than women do. Salvatore [25] points out that male have much less stringent judgments than women about the speed of the motor.…”

Section: Results: Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of car–pedestrian accidents on highways in the Brazilian Federal District

Andrade¹,

Telles²,

Sercheli³

et al. 2015

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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Fatal car-pedestrian collisions are a very common accident type in the Brazilian Federal District, with 121 occurrences registered in 2012. More than 40% of all pedestrian fatalities occurred at highways. It is known that the most common reason for pedestrians to be on the highways is to cross the roads; however, this is not the safest way to do this. In this regard, this paper aims to map all these kinds of events, in order to investigate the causes and propose solutions to ensure the best and safest conditions for pedestrians. For this purpose, all police data and forensic reports were investigated. Statistical results showed, for example, that car-pedestrian accidents occur more frequently at night, with the vehicle being driven by men aged between 24 and 30 years old. In addition, normally the victims are male, wearing dark color clothes, are 30 to 50 years of age and have consumed alcoholic beverages. Besides this, the geographical locations of all 52 accidents revealed that: (i) more than 90% of the events occurred less than 100m away from a bus stop; and (ii) there was no pedestrian bridge or zebra crossing nearby. Furthermore, no fatal accidents were registered within a radius of 500m from all pedestrian bridges, reinforcing the importance and the efficiency of this apparatus. Thus, from the results of this research, a few suggestions have been proposed to reduce these events. Moreover, it is believed that they can support new public policies related to traffic on highways.

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The Estimation of Vehicular Velocity as a Function of Visual Stimulation

Cited by 42 publications

References 1 publication

Image parameters for driving with indirect viewing systems

Image parameters for driving with indirect viewing systems

Automobile-Speed Estimation Using Movie-film Simulation

Analysis of car–pedestrian accidents on highways in the Brazilian Federal District

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